NDLI: Linear Electrode Arrays for Stimulation and Recording Within Cardiac Tissue Space Constants

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Pollard, A.E. Ellis, C.D. Smith, W.M.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	In this paper, we document a fabrication process that yields linear arrays of rectangular platinum black electrodes spaced 25 mum apart with edge-to-edge separation of 20 mum. The spatial arrangement is therefore sufficiently fine to insure stimulation and recording within cardiac tissue space constants, as six electrodes with dimensions of either, 5x100 mum^2, 5x250 mum² or 5x500 mum² were positioned in a 130-mum span in the arrays. Despite the small electrode sizes and available surface areas, favorable impedance characteristics were identifed. Averages ranged from 111 kOmega to 146 kOmega at 0.5 Hz and from 14 kOmega to 39 kOmega at 500 Hz. Differences in impedances between the electrode sizes tested were small. Potential differences (deltaPhis) recorded using the two central electrodes during stimulation with combinations at separations of only 75 mum , 100 mum , and 125 mum had low signal noise. As a preliminary test of the use of these arrays for possible application to impedance measurements in cardiac tissue, the deltaPhis recorded during stimulation were compared to deltaPhis obtained from finite-difference simulations using an isotropic volume conductor model. Anticipated decays in with widening electrode separation identified in those simulations matched the decays in the recorded s closely. These findings are significant because they suggest intracellular and interstitial microimpedance mesurements in heart experiments will be straightforward.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	7
File Size	526992
Starting Page	1408
Ending Page	1414
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	55
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-04-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Electrodes Cardiac tissue Surface impedance Testing Fabrication Platinum Impedance measurement Finite difference methods Conductors Heart multisite stimulation Gap junction uncoupling interstitial fibrosis microimpedance gap junction uncoupling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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