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| Content Provider | The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection |
|---|---|
| Author | Wullenkord, Michael Jung, Christian Sattler, Christian |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential route for future carbon-free production of hydrogen. However catalysts still need to be enhanced in order to reach acceptable solar-to-fuel efficiency. In the context of the project HyCats funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany a high performance test facility for the evaluation of the activity of photocatalysts under practical conditions was established. It mainly consists of a solar concentrator and a planar receiver reactor. A modified linear Fresnel concentrator configuration was chosen based on ray tracing simulation results and improved concerning the number of different facets and the tolerance of tracking errors. It meets the major demand of a homogeneous irradiance distribution on the surface of the reactor. The SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) is a 2-axis solar concentrator with a geometrical concentration ratio of 20.2 and an aperture area of 8.8 m2. The tracking accuracy is better than 0.1° respecting both the solar azimuth and altitude angle. Its 22 highly UV/Vis-reflective flat aluminum mirror facets reflect the sunlight resulting in a rectangular focus with a nominal width of 100 mm and a nominal length of 2500 mm. The reactor is placed in the focal plane at a distance of 2500 mm from the mounting plane of the facets and allows concentrated solar radiation to penetrate suspensions of water, electrolytes and photocatalyst particles flowing through it. Corresponding to a maximum angle of incidence of 36.6° the Quartz window reflects not more than 5% of the incoming radiation and assures only marginal absorption, particularly in the UV-part of the sun’s spectrum. The material of the receiver body is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) providing reflection coefficients above 90% concerning wavelengths of UV-A and UV-B. The design of the reactor features two parallel reaction chambers, offering the possibility to test two separate suspensions at the same irradiation conditions. A pump transports the tempered suspension to the reactor. The geometry of the reactor inlet and outlet minimizes critical regions with inadequate flow caused by vortices. Any evolved gases are separated from the suspension in a tank together with nitrogen introduced in the piping upstream and are analyzed by micro chromatographs. Numerous devices are installed in order to control and monitor the reaction conditions. First experiments have been carried out using methanol as a sacrificial reagent. |
| Sponsorship | Advanced Energy Systems Division |
| File Format | |
| ISBN | 9780791845868 |
| DOI | 10.1115/ES2014-6546 |
| Volume Number | Volume 1: Combined Energy Cycles, CHP, CCHP, and Smart Grids; Concentrating Solar Power, Solar Thermochemistry and Thermal Energy Storage; Geothermal, Ocean, and Emerging Energy Technologies; Hydrogen Energy Technologies; Low/Zero Emission Power Plants and Carbon Sequestration; Photovoltaics; Wind Energy Systems and Technologies |
| Conference Proceedings | ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2014-06-30 |
| Publisher Place | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Water Catalysts Aluminum Hydrogen Fuels Design Absorption Simulation results Education Ray tracing Testing performance Mirrors Solar radiation Methanol Irradiation (radiation exposure) Nitrogen Quartz Carbon Flow (dynamics) Wavelength Geometry Errors Gases Ultraviolet radiation Solar energy concentrators Radiation (physics) Pumps Particulate matter Vortices Solar energy Sunlight Electrolytes Pipes Reflectance |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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