NDLI: Insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal growth and skeletal development (Review).

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Insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal growth and skeletal development (Review).

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Insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal growth and skeletal development (Review).

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Konstantinidou, Anastasia E. Agrogiannis, Georgios D. Patsouris, Efstratios S. Sifakis, Stavros
Description	Country affiliation: Greece Author Affiliation: Agrogiannis GD ( 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.); Sifakis S ( Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.); Patsouris ES ( 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.); Konstantinidou AE ( 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.)
Abstract	The insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II have a predominant role in fetal growth and development. IGFs are involved in the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of fetal cells in vitro and the IGF serum concentration has been shown to be closely correlated with fetal growth and length. IGF transcripts and peptides have been detected in almost every fetal tissue from as early in development as preimplantation to the final maturation stage. Furthermore, IGFs have been demonstrated to be involved in limb morphogenesis. However, although ablation of Igf genes in mice resulted in growth retardation and delay in skeletal maturation, no impact on outgrowth and patterning of embryonic limbs was observed. Additionally, various molecular defects in the Igf1 and Igf1r genes in humans have been associated with severe intrauterine growth retardation and impaired skeletal maturation, but not with truncated limbs or severe skeletal dysplasia. The conflicting data between in vitro and in vivo observations with regard to bone morphogenesis suggests that IGFs may not be the sole trophic factors involved in fetal skeletal growth and that redundant mechanisms may exist in chondro- and osteogenesis. Further investigation is required in order to elucidate the functions of IGFs in skeletal development.
ISSN	17912997
e-ISSN	17913004
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2014.2258
Journal	Molecular Medicine Reports
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Spandidos Publications
Publisher Date	2014-08-01
Publisher Place	Greece
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Insulin-like Growth Factor Ii Metabolism Insulin-like Growth Factor I Animals Femur Fetal Development Haploinsufficiency Genetics Discipline Molecular Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Biochemistry Molecular Biology Cancer Research Molecular Medicine Oncology

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