NDLI: Identification of an autoinhibitory mechanism that restricts C1 domain-mediated activation of the Rac-GAP alpha2-chimaerin.

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Identification of an autoinhibitory mechanism that restricts C1 domain-mediated activation of the Rac-GAP alpha2-chimaerin.

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Identification of an autoinhibitory mechanism that restricts C1 domain-mediated activation of the Rac-GAP alpha2-chimaerin.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Colón-gonzález, Francheska Kazanietz, Marcelo G. Leskow, Federico Coluccio
Description	Author Affiliation: Colón-González F ( Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.)
Abstract	Chimaerins are a family of GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for the small G-protein Rac that have gained recent attention due to their important roles in development, cancer, neuritogenesis, and T-cell function. Like protein kinase C isozymes, chimaerins possess a C1 domain capable of binding phorbol esters and the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in vitro. Here we identified an autoinhibitory mechanism in alpha2-chimaerin that restricts access of phorbol esters and DAG, thereby limiting its activation. Although phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused limited translocation of wild-type alpha2-chimaerin to the plasma membrane, deletion of either N- or C-terminal regions greatly sensitize alpha2-chimaerin for intracellular redistribution and activation. Based on modeling analysis that revealed an occlusion of the ligand binding site in the alpha2-chimaerin C1 domain, we identified key amino acids that stabilize the inactive conformation. Mutation of these sites renders alpha2-chimaerin hypersensitive to C1 ligands, as reflected by its enhanced ability to translocate in response to PMA and to inhibit Rac activity and cell migration. Notably, in contrast to PMA, epidermal growth factor promotes full translocation of alpha2-chimaerin in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, but not of a C1 domain mutant with reduced affinity for DAG (P216A-alpha2-chimaerin). Therefore, DAG generation and binding to the C1 domain are required but not sufficient for epidermal growth factor-induced alpha2-chimaerin membrane association. Our studies suggest a role for DAG in anchoring rather than activation of alpha2-chimaerin. Like other DAG/phorbol ester receptors, including protein kinase C isozymes, alpha2-chimaerin is subject to autoinhibition by intramolecular contacts, suggesting a highly regulated mechanism for the activation of this Rac-GAP.
ISSN	00219258
e-ISSN	1083351X
Journal	Journal of Biological Chemistry
Issue Number	50
Volume Number	283
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States)
Publisher Date	2008-12-12
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Chimerin 1 Chemistry GTPase-Activating Proteins Rac GTP-Binding Proteins Metabolism Animals COS Cells Cercopithecus Aethiops Epidermal Growth Factor HeLa Cells Mutation Protein Binding Protein Conformation Protein Structure, Tertiary Protein Transport Type C Phospholipases Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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