NDLI: Genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances in Europe.

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CUUCGG hairpins: extraordinarily stable RNA secondary structures associated with various biochemical processes.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of [Ala3-15N][Val1]gramicidin A.

Detection of activated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in 3T3-F442A cells.

Structure of native alpha 2-macroglobulin and its transformation to the protease bound form.

Diffusion models of ion-channel gating and the origin of power-law distributions from single-channel recording.

Hepatitis B synthetic immunogen comprised of nucleocapsid T-cell sites and an envelope B-cell epitope.

Aggregation of IgE receptors induces degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells permeabilized with alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus.

Immunologic modeling of a 75-kDa malarial protein with carrier-free synthetic peptides.

Crystalline cytochrome c oxidase of bovine heart mitochondrial membrane: composition and x-ray diffraction studies.

Isolation of a second yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene (GPA2) coding for guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein: studies on its structure and possible functions.

Tn10-encoded tet repressor can regulate an operator-containing plant promoter.

Stabilization of type I topoisomerase-DNA covalent complexes by actinomycin D.

Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is required for heterologous desensitization of adenylyl cyclase in S49 wild-type lymphoma cells.

Binding of host-cell factors to DNA sequences in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I: implications for viral gene expression.

Rescue of cells from ras oncogene-induced growth arrest by a second, complementing, oncogene.

Calcium influx stimulates a second pathway for sustained diacylglycerol production in leukocytes activated by chemoattractants.

Looping out and deletion mechanism for the immunoglobulin heavy-chain class switch.

Cytomegalovirus replicates efficiently in human kidney mesangial cells.

An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.

Enhancement of synaptic potentials in rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons following classical conditioning.

Sodium-independent in vitro induction of Na+,K+-ATPase by aldosterone in renal target cells: permissive effect of triiodothyronine.

Restoration of phototrophic growth in a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which the chloroplast atpB gene of the ATP synthase has a deletion: an example of mitochondria-dependent photosynthesis.

Isolation of a cDNA clone for the gamma subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: import and cleavage of the precursor protein.

Transcellular proton current in Achlya bisexualis hyphae: relationship to polarized growth.

Consistent chromosome 3p deletion and loss of heterozygosity in renal cell carcinoma.

Exon-intron organization and sequence comparison of human and murine T11 (CD2) genes.

Cholinergic regulation of protein phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Phenol emulsion-enhanced DNA-driven subtractive cDNA cloning: isolation of low-abundance monkey cortex-specific mRNAs.

Antiphagocytic activity of streptococcal M protein: selective binding of complement control protein factor H.

Phosphorylation of synthetic random polypeptides by protein kinase P and other protein-serine (threonine) kinases and stimulation or inhibition of kinase activities by microbial toxins.

Primary structure of prostaglandin G/H synthase from sheep vesicular gland determined from the complementary DNA sequence.

Oligonucleotide that binds nuclear factor NF-kappa B acts as a lymphoid-specific and inducible enhancer element.

Evidence that insect embryogenesis is regulated by ecdysteroids released from yolk proteins.

Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene evolution: structure and family relationships of two genes and a pseudogene in a teleost fish.

Partial reversion of the transformed phenotype in HRAS-transfected tumorigenic cells by transfer of a human gene.

A low dose of recombinant interleukin 1 protects granulocytopenic mice from lethal gram-negative infection.

Ligand activation of overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptors transforms NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.

Mutation in the CYP21B gene (Ile-172----Asn) causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Yeast RNase P: catalytic activity and substrate binding are separate functions.

CheA protein, a central regulator of bacterial chemotaxis, belongs to a family of proteins that control gene expression in response to changing environmental conditions.

Cloning and cDNA sequence of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component human alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes.

A Candida albicans dispersed, repeated gene family and its epidemiologic applications.

lac permease of Escherichia coli containing a single histidine residue is fully functional.

Functional role of cysteine-146 in Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase.

Expression and developmental control of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and B-chain/Sis genes in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.

Isolation and characterization of the apical surface of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells.

Merosin, a protein specific for basement membranes of Schwann cells, striated muscle, and trophoblast, is expressed late in nerve and muscle development.

An Escherichia coli mutation preventing degradation of abnormal periplasmic proteins.

Targeted mutations induced by a single acetylaminofluorene DNA adduct in mammalian cells and bacteria.

Identification of a 24-kDa cytokine that is required for development of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Analysis of RAS gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia by polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes.

Highly potent antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone free of edematogenic effects.

Distribution of precursor amyloid-beta-protein messenger RNA in human cerebral cortex: relationship to neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.

Tris(tetramethylphenanthroline)ruthenium(II): a chiral probe that cleaves A-DNA conformations.

Sequence-specific binding and photocrosslinking of alpha and beta oligodeoxynucleotides to the major groove of DNA via triple-helix formation.

Identification of the glycosaminoglycan-attachment site of mouse invariant-chain proteoglycan core protein by site-directed mutagenesis.

A 40-base-pair sequence in the 3' end of the beta-actin gene regulates beta-actin mRNA transcription during myogenesis.

Aspartic acid-484 of nascent placental alkaline phosphatase condenses with a phosphatidylinositol glycan to become the carboxyl terminus of the mature enzyme.

Cloning and sequencing of the cytoplasmic precursor to the alpha subunit of rat liver mitochondrial succinyl-CoA synthetase.

Overlapping positive and negative regulatory domains of the human beta-interferon gene.

Evidence that the modulator of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex is the endogenous molybdate factor.

A gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun.

Platelet-derived growth factor A chain: gene structure, chromosomal location, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing.

Accessory pathway for sound transfer in a neotropical frog.

Reaction-intermediate analogue binding by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase causes specific changes in proteolytic sensitivity: the amino-terminal residue of the large subunit is acetylated proline.

Transforming growth factor beta mRNA increases during liver regeneration: a possible paracrine mechanism of growth regulation.

Permanency of response to selection for quantitative characters in finite populations.

Retroviral transfer of a murine cDNA for multidrug resistance confers pleiotropic drug resistance to cells without prior drug selection.

Detection of human muscle glycogen by natural abundance 13C NMR.

Senescent erythrocytes: isolation of in vivo aged cells and their biochemical characteristics.

Expression of the firefly luciferase gene in vaccinia virus: a highly sensitive gene marker to follow virus dissemination in tissues of infected animals.

Activity-dependent accumulation of calcium in Purkinje cell dendritic spines.

Effects of glycyl-L-glutamine in vitro on the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

Macrophage-mediated myelin-related mitogenic factor for cultured Schwann cells.

Secretion from chromaffin cells is controlled by chromogranin A-derived peptides.

Induced and natural break sites in the chromosomes of Hawaiian Drosophila.

Genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances in Europe.

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Genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances in Europe.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Sokal, R. R.
Spatial Coverage	Europe
Description	Author Affiliation: Sokal RR ( Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-5245.);
Abstract	Genetic and taxonomic distances were computed for 3466 samples of human populations in Europe based on 97 allele frequencies and 10 cranial variables. Since the actual samples employed differed among the genetic systems studied, the genetic distances were computed separately for each system, as were matrices of geographic distances and of linguistic distances based on membership in the same language family or phylum. Significant matrix correlations between genetics and geography were found for the majority of systems; somewhat less frequent are significant correlations between genetics and language. The effects of the two factors can be separated by means of partial matrix correlations. These show significant values for both genetics and geography, language kept constant, and genetics and language, geography kept constant, with a tendency for the former to be higher. These findings demonstrate that speakers of different language families in Europe differ genetically and that this difference remains even after geographic differentiation is allowed for. The greater effect of geography than of language may be due to the several factors that bring about spatial differentiation in human populations.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	85
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1988-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Genetics, Population Linguistics Gene Frequency Geography Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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