NDLI: The discovery of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, the principal structural features of proteins.

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How protein thermodynamics and folding mechanisms are altered by the chaperonin cage: molecular simulations.

Maize-targeted mutagenesis: A knockout resource for maize

A candidate gene for developmental dyslexia encodes a nuclear tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein dynamically regulated in brain.

Dynamics of feature binding during object-selective attention.

The discovery of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, the principal structural features of proteins.

Inorganic polyphosphate stimulates mammalian TOR, a kinase involved in the proliferation of mammary cancer cells.

A genomewide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes that suppress the accumulation of mutations.

Exon junction complexes mediate the enhancing effect of splicing on mRNA expression.

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Ultrasensitive two-color fluorescence probes for dipole potential in phospholipid membranes.

Compensatory evolution of a precursor messenger RNA secondary structure in the Drosophila melanogaster Adh gene.

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Mathematical models of RNA silencing: unidirectional amplification limits accidental self-directed reactions.

Shock-wave cosmology inside a black hole.

Low monoamine oxidase B in peripheral organs in smokers.

Poxvirus DNA topoisomerase knockout mutant exhibits decreased infectivity associated with reduced early transcription.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme mediates MUC5AC mucin expression in cultured human airway epithelial cells.

Mitochondrial positioning in fission yeast is driven by association with dynamic microtubules and mitotic spindle poles.

Direct observation of dipolar couplings between distant protons in weakly aligned nucleic acids.

Human cytomegalovirus UL83-coded pp65 virion protein inhibits antiviral gene expression in infected cells.

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Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on optical thin-film biosensor chips.

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Borrelia oxidative stress response regulator, BosR: A distinctive Zn-dependent transcriptional activator

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Molecular cloning and spatio-temporal expression of the prostaglandin transporter: a basis for the action of prostaglandins in the bovine reproductive system.

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LAX and SPA: major regulators of shoot branching in rice.

Antisense therapy targeting MDM2 oncogene in prostate cancer: Effects on proliferation, apoptosis, multiple gene expression, and chemotherapy

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Widespread cytoplasmic mRNA transport in yeast: identification of 22 bud-localized transcripts using DNA microarray analysis.

Beta-arrestin-mediated activation of MAPK by inverse agonists reveals distinct active conformations for G protein-coupled receptors.

Helix-stabilized cyclic peptides as selective inhibitors of steroid receptor-coactivator interactions.

Redirecting tyrosine kinase signaling to an apoptotic caspase pathway through chimeric adaptor proteins.

Insulin-induced phosphorylation of FKHR (Foxo1) targets to proteasomal degradation.

ASH1, a Drosophila trithorax group protein, is required for methylation of lysine 4 residues on histone H3.

Competing ligands stabilize alternate conformations of the energy coupling motif of a TonB-dependent outer membrane transporter.

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Electron microscopic evidence for nucleation and growth of 3D acetylcholine receptor microcrystals in structured lipid-detergent matrices.

Activation of ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ $(K_{ATP})$ channels by $H_{2}O_{2}$ underlies glutamate-dependent inhibition of striatal dopamine release

Modification by docosahexaenoic acid of age-induced alterations in gene expression and molecular composition of rat brain phospholipids.

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Single metallic nanoparticle imaging for protein detection in cells.

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NMR structure of the forkhead-associated domain from the Arabidopsis receptor kinase-associated protein phosphatase.

Observations of a 'weekend effect' in diurnal temperature range.

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IL-3 receptor signaling is dispensable for BCR-ABL-induced myeloproliferative disease.

Measurements of nitric oxide on the heme iron and beta-93 thiol of human hemoglobin during cycles of oxygenation and deoxygenation.

Redefining cholesterol's role in the mechanism of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.

Blue light regulates an auxin-induced $K^{+}-channel$ gene in the maize coleoptile

Computational design of a $Zn^{2+}$ receptor that controls bacterial gene expression

Newborn infants can organize the auditory world.

Drosophila screening model for metastasis: Semaphorin 5c is required for l(2)gl cancer phenotype.

Genetically engineered mice with an additional class of cone photoreceptors: implications for the evolution of color vision.

Sounds and silence: an optical topography study of language recognition at birth.

EZH2 is a marker of aggressive breast cancer and promotes neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells.

Complete genome sequence and analysis of Wolinella succinogenes.

Antigen receptor loci poised for V(D)J rearrangement are broadly associated with BRG1 and flanked by peaks of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4.

Calcification in atherosclerosis: bone biology and chronic inflammation at the arterial crossroads.

Evolution's cauldron: duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes.

Insulin regulates the activity of forkhead transcription factor Hnf-3beta/Foxa-2 by Akt-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear/cytosolic localization.

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Global climate change and mammalian species diversity in U.S. national parks.

Hepatocyte turnover during resolution of a transient hepadnaviral infection.

Probe selection for high-density oligonucleotide arrays.

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Quinol-based cyclic antioxidant mechanism in estrogen neuroprotection.

HSP90 interacts with RAR1 and SGT1 and is essential for RPS2-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis

Functional characterization of a portion of the Moloney murine leukemia virus gag gene by genetic footprinting.

A novel domain in the protein kinase SOS2 mediates interaction with the protein phosphatase 2C ABI2

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The evolution of early Foraminifera.

Cytosol-endoplasmic reticulum interplay by Sec61alpha translocon in polyglutamine-mediated neurotoxicity in Drosophila.

Conserved pathways within bacteria and yeast as revealed by global protein network alignment.

Akt as a mediator of cell death.

Fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in Rhagoletis.

Combinatorial interactions of serpent, lozenge, and U-shaped regulate crystal cell lineage commitment during Drosophila hematopoiesis.

Role of residual structure in the unfolded state of a thermophilic protein.

Exclusively targeting beta-secretase to lipid rafts by GPI-anchor addition up-regulates beta-site processing of the amyloid precursor protein.

Scaling and universality in continuous length combinatorial optimization.

A quantitative, highly sensitive cell-based infectivity assay for mouse scrapie prions.

The p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus is critical for infectivity and contains functionally important genotype-specific sequences.

Natural variation in nucleolar dominance reveals the relationship between nucleolus organizer chromatin topology and rRNA gene transcription in Arabidopsis.

Embryonic stem cells can form germ cells in vitro.

CCAAT-binding factor regulates expression of the $β_{1}$ subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase gene in the BE2 human neuroblastoma cell line

The BCSC-1 locus at chromosome 11q23-q24 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene.

Negative selection imparts peptide specificity to the mature T cell repertoire.

War and early state formation in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Chromosome rearrangements in evolution: From gene order to genome sequence and back.

Caging helps proteins fold.

The first candidate gene for dyslexia: Turning the page of a new chapter of research.

Copper, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimer's disease: tapping a sensitive connection.

Insulin's expanding control of forkheads.

Editorial expression of concern.

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The discovery of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, the principal structural features of proteins.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Eisenberg, David
Description	Author Affiliation: Eisenberg D ( Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of California-Department of Energy Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA. david@mbi.ucla.edu);
Abstract	PNAS papers by Linus Pauling, Robert Corey, and Herman Branson in the spring of 1951 proposed the alpha-helix and the beta-sheet, now known to form the backbones of tens of thousands of proteins. They deduced these fundamental building blocks from properties of small molecules, known both from crystal structures and from Pauling's resonance theory of chemical bonding that predicted planar peptide groups. Earlier attempts by others to build models for protein helices had failed both by including nonplanar peptides and by insisting on helices with an integral number of units per turn. In major respects, the Pauling-Corey-Branson models were astoundingly correct, including bond lengths that were not surpassed in accuracy for >40 years. However, they did not consider the hand of the helix or the possibility of bent sheets. They also proposed structures and functions that have not been found, including the gamma-helix.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	20
Volume Number	100
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2003-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Proteins Chemistry Models, Molecular Protein Conformation Protein Folding Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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