NDLI: Protective effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba against learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Jetti, Raghu Raghuveer, C. V. Mallikarjuna, Rao C.
Description	Country affiliation: India Author Affiliation: Jetti R ( Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India raghujetti@yahoo.co.in.); Raghuveer CV ( Department of Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.); Mallikarjuna RC ( Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.)
Abstract	Fluoride is present in the ground water, World Health Organization permitted level of fluoride in the ground water is 0.5 ppm. Tooth pastes, mouth washes, tea and sea fish are the sources of fluoride. Exposure to these multiple sources results in several adverse effects in addition to the fluorosis. The present study aimed to test the effect of vitamin C and Ginkgo biloba against the behavioural deficits caused by fluoride. Rats were divided into five groups with six animals in each group (n = 6). Control group received ordinary tap water with 0.5 ppm of fluoride, the remaining groups received 100 ppm of fluoride for 30 days prior to fluoride exposure. Two groups of animals received 100 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C and G. biloba for 15 days prior to fluoride exposure. After 45 days, behavioural studies (T-Maze, passive avoidance) were conducted on the experimental animals. The results of the present study showed no behavioural deficits in the control group of animals however, the rats that received fluoride water exhibited impairment in their spatial learning and memory deficits. The deficits are not marked in the vitamin C and G. biloba groups. To conclude chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride causes severe impairment in the spatial learning and memory, these deficits can be ameliorated with the vitamin C and G. biloba.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07482337
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	32
e-ISSN	14770393
Journal	Toxicology and Industrial Health
Language	English
Publisher	Sage Publications
Publisher Date	2016-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Occupational Medicine Discipline Toxicology Ascorbic Acid Pharmacology Fluorides Toxicity Ginkgo Biloba Chemistry Memory Disorders Drug Therapy Plant Extracts Animals Male Maze Learning Drug Effects Memory Chemically Induced Phytotherapy Rats Rats, Wistar Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Toxicology

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