NDLI: Aluminum phosphide poisoning: an unsolved riddle.

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Aluminum phosphide poisoning: an unsolved riddle.

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Aluminum phosphide poisoning: an unsolved riddle.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Anand, R. Binukumar, B. K. Gill, Kiran Dip
Description	Country affiliation: India Author Affiliation: Anand R ( Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.)
Abstract	Aluminum phosphide (ALP), a widely used insecticide and rodenticide, is also infamous for the mortality and morbidity it causes in ALP-poisoned individuals. The toxicity of metal phosphides is due to phosphine liberated when ingested phosphides come into contact with gut fluids. ALP poisoning is lethal, having a mortality rate in excess of 70%. Circulatory failure and severe hypotension are common features of ALP poisoning and frequent cause of death. Severe poisoning also has the potential to induce multi-organ failure. The exact site or mechanism of its action has not been proved in humans. Rather than targeting a single organ to cause gross damage, ALP seems to work at the cellular level, resulting in widespread damage leading to multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) and death. There has been proof in vitro that phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase. However, it is unlikely that this interaction is the primary cause of its toxicity. Mitochondria could be the possible site of maximum damage in ALP poisoning, resulting in low ATP production followed by metabolic shutdown and MOD; also, owing to impairment in electron flow, there could be free radical generation and damage, again producing MOD. Evidence of reactive oxygen species-induced toxicity owing to ALP has been observed in insects and rats. A similar mechanism could also play a role in humans and contribute to the missing link in the pathogenesis of ALP toxicity. There is no specific antidote for ALP poisoning and supportive measures are all that are currently available.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0260437X
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	31
e-ISSN	10991263
Journal	Journal of Applied Toxicology
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2011-08-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Toxicology Aluminum Compounds Poisoning Multiple Organ Failure Chemically Induced Phosphines Pathology Animals Antidotes Pharmacology Electron Transport Complex Iv Antagonists & Inhibitors Metabolism Humans Insecticides Mitochondria Drug Effects Diagnosis Epidemiology Therapy Reactive Oxygen Species Journal Article Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Toxicology

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