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Dynamics of Muscle Microcirculatory and Blood-myocyte $O_{2}$ Flux During Contractions

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Poole, D. C. Copp, S. W. Hirai, D. M. Musch, T. I.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Poole DC ( Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. poole@vet.ksu.edu)
Abstract	The $O_{2}$ requirements of contracting skeletal muscle may increase 100-fold above rest. In 1919 August Krogh’s brilliant insights recognized the capillary as the principal site for this increased blood-myocyte $O_{2}$ flux. Based on the premise that most capillaries did not sustain RBC flux at rest Krogh proposed that capillary recruitment (i.e., initiation of red blood cell (RBC) flux in previously non-flowing capillaries) increased the capillary surface area available for $O_{2}$ flux and reduced mean capillary-to-mitochondrial diffusion distances. More modern experimental approaches reveal that most muscle capillaries may support RBC flux at rest. Thus, rather than contraction-induced capillary recruitment per se, increased RBC flux and hematocrit within already-flowing capillaries likely elevate perfusive and diffusive $O_{2}$ conductances and hence blood-myocyte $O_{2}$ flux. Additional surface area for $O_{2}$ exchange is recruited but, crucially, this may occur along the length of already-flowing capillaries (i.e. longitudinal recruitment). Today, the capillary is still considered the principal site for $O_{2}$ and substrate delivery to contracting skeletal muscle. Indeed, the presence of very low intramyocyte $O_{2}$ partial pressures $(PO_{2}`s)$ and the absence of $PO_{2}$ gradients, whilst refuting the relevance of diffusion distances, place an even greater importance on capillary hemodynamics. This emergent picture calls for a paradigm-shift in our understanding of the function of capillaries by de-emphasizing de novo ‘capillary recruitment.’ Diseases such as heart failure impair blood-myocyte $O_{2}$ flux, in part, by decreasing the proportion of RBC-flowing capillaries. Knowledge of capillary function in healthy muscle is requisite for identification of pathology and efficient design of therapeutic treatments.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17481708
e-ISSN	17481716
DOI	10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02246.x
Journal	Acta Physiologica
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	202
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2011-07-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Microcirculation Physiology Muscle Cells Metabolism Muscle Contraction Muscle, Skeletal Blood Supply Cytology Oxygen Blood Animals Capillaries Anatomy & Histology Erythrocytes Hemodynamics Partial Pressure Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology

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