NDLI: Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. in two new seal species, Phoca vitulina and Cystophora cristata, and a novel Cryptosporidium genotype in a third seal species, Pagophilus groenlandicus, from the Gulf of Maine.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Bass, A. L. Wallace, C. C. Yund, P. O. Ford, T. E.
Spatial Coverage	Maine
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Bass AL ( Center for Land-Sea Interactions, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, USA. abass@une.edu)
Abstract	Data on the geographic distribution and host specificity of Cryptosporidium spp. are critical for developing an understanding of likely transmission patterns in nature. During a molecular-based survey of fecal samples from 293 terrestrial and aquatic animals in Maine, USA, we detected Cryptosporidium sp. in 11 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), 1 hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), and 1 harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus). None of the terrestrial or freshwater mammal fecal samples or bird samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. However, the sequencing results of the small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene indicate that the seals were infected with an undescribed species of Cryptosporidium , previously isolated only from ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in northern Quebec, Canada. In addition, the Cryptosporidium sp. detected in the harp seal is significantly different from the previously observed Cryptosporidium sp. in other seals. We confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of this Cryptosporidium genotype and the identity of the other Cryptosporidium sp. seal ssu rRNA sequences by using data from the 70-kDa heat shock protein gene. Based on phylogenetic reconstructions of both genes, it seems that either Cryptosporidium canis or C. felis are sister species to the seal associated Cryptosporidium spp. Our findings extend the range of ' Cryptosporidium sp. seal' well south of the 55th parallel, add other species to the list of seals affected by Cryptosporidium sp., and highlight the presence of unrecognized population and potentially species level variation in Cryptosporidium.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00223395
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	98
e-ISSN	19372345
Journal	Journal of Parasitology
Language	English
Publisher	American Society of Parasitologists
Publisher Date	2012-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Parasitology Cryptosporidiosis Veterinary Cryptosporidium Classification Isolation & Purification Seals, Earless Parasitology Animals Base Sequence Bayes Theorem Birds Epidemiology Genetics Dna, Protozoan Chemistry Dna, Ribosomal Evolution, Molecular Feces Fresh Water Hsp70 Heat-shock Proteins Host Specificity Maine Mammals Phoca Phylogeny Rna, Protozoan Rna, Ribosomal, 18s Seawater Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Parasitology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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