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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Shimshoni, Jakob Avi Duebecke, Arne Mulder, Patrick P. J. Cuneah, Olga Barel, Shimon |
| Spatial Coverage | Israel |
| Description | Country affiliation: Israel Author Affiliation: Shimshoni JA ( a Kimron Veterinary Institute , Department of Toxicology , Bet Dagan , Israel.); Duebecke A ( b Quality Services International , Bremen , Germany.); Mulder PP ( c RIKILT-Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands.); Cuneah O ( a Kimron Veterinary Institute , Department of Toxicology , Bet Dagan , Israel.); Barel S ( a Kimron Veterinary Institute , Department of Toxicology , Bet Dagan , Israel.) |
| Abstract | Dehydro pyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro PAs) are carcinogenic phytotoxins prevalent in the Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae families. Dehydro PAs enter the food and feed chain by co-harvesting of crops intended for human and animal consumption as well as by carry-over into animal-based products such as milk, eggs and honey. Recently the occurrence of dehydro PAs in teas and herbal teas has gained increasing attention from the EU, due to the high levels of dehydro PAs found in commercially available teas and herbal teas in Germany and Switzerland. Furthermore, several tropane alkaloids (TAs, e.g. scopolamine and hyoscyamine) intoxications due to the consumption of contaminated herbal teas were reported in the literature. The aim of the present study was to determine the dehydro PAs and TAs levels in 70 pre-packed teabags of herbal and non-herbal tea types sold in supermarkets in Israel. Chamomile, peppermint and rooibos teas contained high dehydro PAs levels in almost all samples analysed. Lower amounts were detected in black and green teas, while no dehydro PAs were found in fennel and melissa herbal teas. Total dehydro PAs concentrations in chamomile, peppermint and rooibos teas ranged from 20 to 1729 µg/kg. Except for black tea containing only mono-ester retrorsine-type dehydro PAs, all other teas and herbal teas showed mixed patterns of dehydro PA ester types, indicating a contamination by various weed species during harvesting and/or production. The TA levels per teabag were below the recommended acute reference dose; however, the positive findings of TAs in all peppermint tea samples warrant a more extensive survey. The partially high levels of dehydro PAs found in teas and herbal teas present an urgent warning letter to the regulatory authorities to perform routine quality control analysis and implement maximum residual levels for dehydro PAs. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 19440049 |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| Volume Number | 32 |
| e-ISSN | 19440057 |
| Journal | Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| Publisher Date | 2015-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Toxicology Discipline Nutritional Sciences Aspalathus Chemistry Chamomile Environmental Pollutants Isolation & Purification Mentha Piperita Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Teas, Herbal Analysis Tropanes Beverages Chromatography, Liquid Food Contamination Humans Israel Plant Extracts Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tea Journal Article |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Toxicology Food Science |
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