NDLI: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: a spectrum of potential health consequences.

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: a spectrum of potential health consequences.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Edgar, J. A. Colegate, S. M. Boppré, M. Molyneux, R. J.
Spatial Coverage	Africa Asia
Description	Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Edgar JA ( CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Ryde, Australia. john.edgar@csiro.au)
Abstract	Contamination of grain with 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine ester alkaloids (dehydroPAs) and their N-oxides is responsible for large incidents of acute and subacute food poisoning, with high morbidity and mortality, in Africa and in central and south Asia. Herbal medicines and teas containing dehydroPAs have also caused fatalities in both developed and developing countries. There is now increasing recognition that some staple and widely consumed foods are sometimes contaminated by dehydroPAs and their N-oxides at levels that, while insufficient to cause acute poisoning, greatly exceed maximum tolerable daily intakes and/or maximum levels determined by a number of independent risk assessment authorities. This suggests that there may have been cases of disease in the past not recognised as resulting from dietary exposure to dehydroPAs. A review of the literature shows that there are a number of reports of liver disease where either exposure to dehydroPAs was suspected but no source was identified or a dehydroPA-aetiology was not considered but the symptoms and pathology suggests their involvement. DehydroPAs also cause progressive, chronic diseases such as cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension but proof of their involvement in human cases of these chronic diseases, including sources of exposure to dehydroPAs, has generally been lacking. Growing recognition of hazardous levels of dehydroPAs in a range of common foods suggests that physicians and clinicians need to be alert to the possibility that these contaminants may, in some cases, be a possible cause of chronic diseases such as cirrhosis, pulmonary hypertension and cancer in humans.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	19440049
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	28
e-ISSN	19440057
Journal	Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
Language	English
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publisher Date	2011-03-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Toxicology Discipline Nutritional Sciences Food Contamination Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Analysis Poisoning Africa Epidemiology Animals Asia Beverages Biotransformation Drug-induced Liver Injury Etiology Chronic Disease Cereals Chemistry Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Prevention & Control Foodborne Diseases Herbal Medicine Honey Humans Hypertension, Pulmonary Chemically Induced Maximum Allowable Concentration Meat Milk Neoplasms Pollen Administration & Dosage Journal Article Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Toxicology Food Science

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