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Immunity through early development of coral larvae.

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Immunity through early development of coral larvae.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Palmer, C. V. Graham, E. Baird, A. H.
Description	Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Palmer CV ( School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. carolinepalmer28@googlemail.com)
Abstract	As a determinant of survival, immunity is likely to be significant in enabling coral larvae to disperse and successfully recruit, however, whether reef-building coral larvae have immune defenses is unknown. We investigated the potential presence and variation in immunity in the lecithotrophic larvae of Acropora tenuis through larval development. Enzymes indicative of tyrosinase and laccase-type melanin-synthesis were quantified, and the concentration of three coral fluorescent proteins was measured over six developmental stages; egg, embryo, motile planula, planula post-exposure to crustose coralline algae (CCA; settlement cue), settled, settled post-exposure to Symbiodinium (endosymbiont). Both types of melanin-synthesis pathways and the three fluorescent proteins were present in A. tenuis throughout development. Laccase-type activity and red fluorescence increased following exposure of planula to CCA, whereas tyrosinase-type activity and cyan fluorescence increased following settlement. No change was detected in the measured parameters following exposure to Symbiodinium. This study is the first to document coral larval immune responses and suggests the melanin-synthesis pathways have disparate roles-the laccase-type potentially non-immunological and the tyrosinase-type in cytotoxic defense. Our results indicate that corals have the potential to resist infection from the earliest life history phase.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0145305X
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	38
e-ISSN	18790089
Journal	Developmental & Comparative Immunology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2012-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Immunology Anthozoa Growth & Development Immunology Alveolata Animals Physiology Coral Reefs Fluorescence Larva Luminescent Proteins Metabolism Melanins Biosynthesis Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental Biology Immunology

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