NDLI: GC-based detection of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid for microbial residue determination in soil.

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GC-based detection of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid for microbial residue determination in soil.

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GC-based detection of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid for microbial residue determination in soil.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Liang, Chao Read, Harry W. Balser, Teri C.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Liang C ( DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. chaoliang@wisc.edu)
Abstract	Quantitative approaches to characterizing microorganisms are crucial for a broader understanding of the microbial status and function within ecosystems. Current strategies for microbial analysis include both traditional laboratory culture-dependent techniques and those based on direct extraction and determination of certain biomarkers. Few among the diversity of microbial species inhabiting soil can be cultured, so culture-dependent methods introduce significant biases, a limitation absent in biomarker analysis. The glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine and muramic acid have been well served as measures of both the living and dead microbial mass, of these the glucosamine (most abundant) and muramic acid (uniquely from bacterial cell) are most important constituents in the soil systems. However, the lack of knowledge on the analysis restricts the wide popularization among scientific peers. Among all existing analytical methods, derivatization to aldononitrile acetates followed by GC-based analysis has emerged as a good option with respect to optimally balancing precision, sensitivity, simplicity, good chromatographic separation, and stability upon sample storage. Here, we present a detailed protocol for a reliable and relatively simple analysis of glucosamine and muramic acid from soil after their conversion to aldononitrile acetates. The protocol mainly comprises four steps: acid digestion, sample purification, derivatization and GC determination. The step-by-step procedure is modified according to former publications. In addition, we present a strategy to structurally validate the molecular ion of the derivative and its ion fragments formed upon electron ionization. We applied GC-EI-MS-SIM, LC-ESI-TOF-MS and isotopically labeled reagents to determine the molecular weight of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid; we used the mass shift of isotope-labeled derivatives in the ion spectrum to investigate ion fragments of each derivatives. In addition to the theoretical elucidation, the validation of molecular ion of the derivative and its ion fragments will be useful to researchers using Î´(13)C or ion fragments of these biomarkers in biogeochemical studies.
File Format	HTM / HTML
e-ISSN	1940087X
DOI	10.3791/3767
Journal	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Issue Number	63
Language	English
Publisher	MyJove Corp.
Publisher Date	2012-05-19
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physical Sciences Discipline Life Sciences Discipline Medicine Bacteria Chemistry Chromatography, Gas Glucosamine Muramic Acids Soil Microbiology Acetates Tandem Mass Spectrometry Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Video-audio Media
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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Gas chromatographic determination of mura.mic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils (1996).

GC-based Detection of Aldononitrile Acetate Derivatized Glucosamine and Muramic Acid for Microbial Residue Determination in Soil

The use of multivariate curve resolution methods to improve the analysis of muramic acid as bacterial marker using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: an alternative method to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Determination of neutral sugars in soil by capillary gas chromatography after derivatization to aldononitrile acetates

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GC-based detection of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid for microbial residue determination in soil.

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GC-based detection of aldononitrile acetate derivatized glucosamine and muramic acid for microbial residue determination in soil.