NDLI: Dynamics of virus shedding and antibody responses in influenza A virus-infected feral swine.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Sun, Hailiang Cunningham, Fred L. Harris, Jillian Xu, Yifei Long, Li-Ping Hanson-Dorr, Katie Baroch, John A. Fioranelli, Paul Lutman, Mark W. Li, Tao Pedersen, Kerri Schmit, Brandon S. Cooley, Jim Lin, Xiaoxu Jarman, Richard G. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Wan, Xiu-Feng
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Sun H ( 1â Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Cunningham FL ( 2â Mississippi Field Station, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Harris J ( 1â Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Xu Y ( 1â Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Long LP ( 1â Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Hanson-Dorr K ( 2â Mississippi Field Station, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Baroch JA ( 3â National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA.); Fioranelli P ( 2â Mississippi Field Station, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Lutman MW ( 4â US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA.); Li T ( 5â Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.); Pedersen K ( 4â US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA.); Schmit BS ( 3â National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA.); Cooley J ( 6â Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.); Lin X ( 5â Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.); Jarman RG ( 5â Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.); DeLiberto TJ ( 3â National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA.); Wan XF ( 1â Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MI, USA.)
Abstract	Given their free-ranging habits, feral swine could serve as reservoirs or spatially dynamic 'mixing vessels' for influenza A virus (IAV). To better understand virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics in the context of IAV surveillance amongst feral swine, we used IAV of feral swine origin to perform infection experiments. The virus was highly infectious and transmissible in feral swine, and virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics were similar to those in domestic swine. In the virus-inoculated and sentinel groups, virus shedding lasted ≤ 6 and ≤ 9âdays, respectively. Antibody titres in inoculated swine peaked at 1 : 840 on day 11 post-inoculation (p.i.), remained there until 21 days p.i. and dropped to < 1 : 220 at 42 days p.i. Genomic sequencing identified changes in wildtype (WT) viruses and isolates from sentinel swine, most notably an amino acid divergence in nucleoprotein position 473. Using data from cell culture as a benchmark, sensitivity and specificity of a matrix gene-based quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method using nasal swab samples for detection of IAV in feral swine were 78.9 and 78.1 %, respectively. Using data from haemagglutination inhibition assays as a benchmark, sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA for detection of IAV-specific antibody were 95.4 and 95.0 %, respectively. Serological surveillance from 2009 to 2014 showed that â¼7.58 % of feral swine in the USA were positive for IAV. Our findings confirm the susceptibility of IAV infection and the high transmission ability of IAV amongst feral swine, and also suggest the need for continued surveillance of IAVs in feral swine populations.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00221317
e-ISSN	14652099
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.000225
Journal	Journal of General Virology
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	96
Language	English
Publisher	Microbiology Society
Publisher Date	2015-09-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Virology Swine Diseases Virus Shedding Antibodies, Viral Blood Virology Influenza A Virus, H3n2 Subtype Animals, Wild Animals Immunology Swine Genetics Physiology Orthomyxoviridae Infections Diagnosis Veterinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology

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