NDLI: A rational approach to selecting and ranking some pharmaceuticals of concern for the aquatic environment and their relative importance compared with other chemicals.

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Aquatic environmental risk assessment for human use of the old antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in Europe.

Prioritization of pharmaceuticals for potential environmental hazard through leveraging a large-scale mammalian pharmacological dataset.

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Human pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: Focus on exposure and biological effects in animal species.

Occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in Japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection.

Bioconcentration and depuration of (14)C-labeled 17 -ethinyl estradiol and 4-nonylphenol in individual organs of the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis L. .

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A rational approach to selecting and ranking some pharmaceuticals of concern for the aquatic environment and their relative importance compared with other chemicals.

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Development and comparison of four methods for the extraction of antibiotics from a vegetative matrix.

Pharmaceutical occurrence in groundwater and surface waters in forests land-applied with municipal wastewater.

Prioritizing human pharmaceuticals for ecological risks in the freshwater environment of Korea.

Pharmaceutical concentrations in screened municipal wastewaters in Victoria, British Columbia: A comparison with prescription rates and predicted concentrations.

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Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish).

Ranking prescribed pharmaceuticals in terms of environmental risk: Inclusion of hospital data and the importance of regular review.

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Evaluating the extent of pharmaceuticals in surface waters of the United States using a National-scale Rivers and Streams Assessment survey.

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Bioaccumulation of human pharmaceuticals in fish across habitats of a tidally influenced urban bayou.

Pharmaceuticals in the environment--Global occurrences and perspectives.

Effect of bioconcentration and trophic transfer on realized exposure to oxazepam in 2 predators, the dragonfly larvae (Aeshna grandis) and the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis).

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Predicted and observed therapeutic dose exceedances of ionizable pharmaceuticals in fish plasma from urban coastal systems.

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A rational approach to selecting and ranking some pharmaceuticals of concern for the aquatic environment and their relative importance compared with other chemicals.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Donnachie, Rachel L. Johnson, Andrew C. Sumpter, John P.
Description	Country affiliation: United kingdom Author Affiliation: Donnachie RL ( Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.); Johnson AC ( Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.); Sumpter JP ( Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.)
Abstract	Aquatic organisms can be exposed to thousands of chemicals discharged by the human population. Many of these chemicals are considered disruptive to aquatic wildlife, and the literature on the impacts of these chemicals grows daily. However, because time and resources are not infinite, research must focus on the chemicals that represent the greatest threat. One group of chemicals of increasing concern is pharmaceuticals, for which the primary challenge is to identify which represent the greatest threat. In the present study, a list of 12 pharmaceuticals was compiled based on scoring the prevalence of different compounds from previous prioritization reviews. These included rankings based on prescription data, environmental concentrations, predicted environmental concentration/predicted no-effect concentration (PEC/PNEC) ratios, persistency/bioaccumulation/(eco)toxicity (PBT), and fish plasma model approaches. The most frequently cited were diclofenac, paracetamol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, atenolol, ethinyl estradiol, aspirin, fluoxetine, propranolol, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole. For each pharmaceutical, literature on effect concentrations was compiled and compared with river concentrations in the United Kingdom. The pharmaceuticals were ranked by degree of difference between the median effect and median river concentrations. Ethinyl estradiol was ranked as the highest concern, followed by fluoxetine, propranolol, and paracetamol. The relative risk of these pharmaceuticals was compared with those of metals and some persistent organic pollutants. Pharmaceuticals appear to be less of a threat to aquatic organisms than some metals (Cu, Al, Zn) and triclosan, using this ranking approach.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	35
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2016-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Water Pollutants, Chemical Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Comparative Study Species Specificity Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Humans Metals Discipline Toxicology Journal Article Drug-related Side Effects And Adverse Reactions Great Britain Fishes Discipline Chemistry Risk Assessment Lindane Rivers Metabolism Drug Effects Aquatic Organisms Chemistry Animals Models, Biological Analysis Pharmaceutical Preparations Triclosan
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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