NDLI: Predicting the environmental impacts of chicken systems in the United Kingdom through a life cycle assessment: egg production systems.

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Predicting the environmental impacts of chicken systems in the United Kingdom through a life cycle assessment: egg production systems.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Leinonen, I. Williams, A. G. Wiseman, J. Guy, J. Kyriazakis, I.
Description	Author Affiliation: Leinonen I ( School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU United Kingdom. ilkka.leinonen@newcastle.ac.uk)
Abstract	The aim of this study was to apply a life cycle assessment (LCA) method, from cradle to gate, to quantify the environmental burdens per 1,000 kg of eggs produced in the 4 major hen-egg production systems in the United Kingdom: 1) cage, 2) barn, 3) free range, and 4) organic. The analysis was based on an approach that applied a structural model for the industry and mechanistic submodels for animal performance, crop production, and nutrient flows. Baseline feeds representative of those used by the UK egg production industry were used. Typical figures from the UK egg production industry, feed intake, mortality of birds, farm energy, and material use in different systems were applied. Monte Carlo simulations were used to quantify the uncertainties in the outputs and allow for comparisons between the systems. The number of birds required to produce 1,000 kg of eggs was highest in the organic and lowest in the cage system; similarly, the amount of feed consumed per bird was highest in the organic and lowest in the cage system. These general differences in productivity largely affected the differences in the environmental impacts between the systems. Feed production, processing, and transport caused greater impacts compared with those from any other component of production; that is, 54 to 75% of the primary energy use and 64 to 72% of the global warming potential of the systems. Electricity (used mainly for ventilation, automatic feeding, and lighting) had the second greatest impact in primary energy use (16-38%). Gas and oil (used mainly for heating in pullet rearing and incineration of dead layer birds) used 7 to 14% of the total primary energy. Manure had the greatest impact on the acidification and eutrophication potentials of the systems because of ammonia emissions that contributed to both of these potentials and nitrate leaching that only affected eutrophication potential. The LCA method allows for comparisons between systems and for the identification of hotspots of environmental impacts that could be subject to mitigation.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00325791
e-ISSN	15253171
Journal	Poultry Science
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	91
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2012-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Veterinary Medicine Animal Husbandry Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control Animal Feed Animals Manure Models, Theoretical Evaluation Studies Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Animal Science and Zoology

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