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Mechanisms of the deep slow-wave-sleep-related increase of upper airway muscle tone in healthy humans.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Hicks, Amelia Cori, Jennifer M. Jordan, Amy S. Nicholas, Christian L. Kubin, Leszek Semmler, John G. Malhotra, Atul McSharry, David Gerard Peter Trinder, John A.
Description	Author Affiliation: Hicks A ( The University of Melbourne.); Cori JM ( The University of Melbourne.); Jordan AS ( University of Melbourne.); Nicholas CL ( The University of Melbourne.); Kubin L ( University of Pennsylvania.); Semmler JG ( University of Adelaide.); Malhotra A ( University of California, San Diego.); McSharry DG ( Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.); Trinder JA ( University of Melbourne johnat@unimelb.edu.au.)
Abstract	Upper airway muscle activity is reportedly elevated during slow-wave sleep (SWS) when compared to lighter sleep stages. To uncover the possible mechanisms underlying this elevation, we explored the correlation between different indices of central and reflex inspiratory drive, such as the changes in airway pressure and end-expiratory CO , and the changes in the genioglossus (GG) and tensor palatini (TP) muscle activity accompanying transitions from the lighter N2 to the deeper N3 stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in healthy young adult men. Forty six GG and 38 TP continuous electromyographic recordings were obtained from 16 men [age: 20 ±2.5 (SD) years; body mass index: 22.5 ±1.8 kg/m ] during 32 transitions from NREM stages N2 to N3. GG, but not TP, activity increased following transition into N3 sleep, and the increase was positively correlated with more negative airway pressure, increased end-tidal CO , increased peak inspiratory flow and increased minute ventilation. None of these correlations was statistically significant for TP. Complementary GG and TP single motor unit analysis revealed a mild recruitment of GG units and de-recruitment of TP units during the N2 to N3 transitions. These findings suggest that, in healthy individuals, the increased GG activity during SWS is primarily driven by reflex stimulation of airway mechanoreceptors and central chemoreceptors.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	87507587
e-ISSN	15221601
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2017-03-02
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Applied Physiology Molecular Biology Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Physiology (medical) Sports Science

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