NDLI: Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS) disease dynamics and Atlantic salmon immune response to Piscirickettsia salmonis LF-89 and EM-90 co-infection

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Carril, Gabriela Morales-Lange, Byron Løvoll, Marie Inami, Makoto Winther-Larsen, Hanne C. Øverland, Margareth Sørum, Henning
Abstract	In Chile, Piscirickettsia salmonis contains two genetically isolated genogroups, LF-89 and EM-90. However, the impact of a potential co-infection with these two variants on Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) remains largely unexplored. In our study, we evaluated the effect of P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like co-infection on post-smolt Atlantic salmon after an intraperitoneal challenge to compare changes in disease dynamics and host immune response. Co-infected fish had a significantly lower survival rate (24.1%) at 21 days post-challenge (dpc), compared with EM-90-like single-infected fish (40.3%). In contrast, all the LF-89-like single-infected fish survived. In addition, co-infected fish presented a higher presence of clinical lesions than any of the single-infected fish. The gene expression of salmon immune-related biomarkers evaluated in the head kidney, spleen, and liver showed that the EM-90-like isolate and the co-infection induced the up-regulation of cytokines (e.g., il-1β, ifnγ, il8, il10), antimicrobial peptides (hepdicin) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as TLR5s. Furthermore, in serum samples from EM-90-like and co-infected fish, an increase in the total IgM level was observed. Interestingly, specific IgM against P. salmonis showed greater detection of EM-90-like antigens in LF-89-like infected fish serum (cross-reaction). These data provide evidence that P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like interactions can modulate SRS disease dynamics in Atlantic salmon, causing a synergistic effect that increases the severity of the disease and the mortality rate of the fish. Overall, this study contributes to achieving a better understanding of P. salmonis population dynamics.
Related Links	https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13567-024-01356-0.pdf
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	12979716
DOI	10.1186/s13567-024-01356-0
Journal	Veterinary Research
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	55
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-08-16
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Science Virology Microbiology Immunology Salmo salar Piscirickettsiosis bacterial load pathogenicity immune-related biomarkers bacterial intracellular pathogen aquaculture Co-culture Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Veterinary Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	3.7/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.8/2023

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