NDLI: Comparative analysis of ground reaction forces and spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults with sway-back posture and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Esmaeilpour, Fatemeh Letafatkar, Amir Karimi, Mohammad Taghi Khaleghi, Mehdi Rossettini, Giacomo Villafañe, Jorge Hugo
Abstract	Background Gait alterations associated with postural deviations are a significant factor contributing to functional limitations in older adults. Among these, sway-back posture has been linked to chronic low back pain (CLBP), defined as pain persisting for more than three months. This study aimed to analyze ground reaction forces (GRFs), loading and unloading rates, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and the asymmetry index (ASI) in older adults with sway-back posture and CLBP (SBCLBP) without adjusting for walking speed. Methods A total of 36 older adults were included and categorized into three groups: 12 with SBCLBP, 12 with CLBP without sway-back posture, and 12 without CLBP. GRFs and spatiotemporal gait parameters—including stride time, cadence, stride length, gait speed, and stance phase duration—were recorded for all participants. GRFs were analyzed at the anteroposterior peaks during heel contact (Fx1) and push-off (Fx2) phases, as well as at the vertical force peaks at heel contact (Fy1), mid-stance (Fy2), and push-off (Fy3) phases. Additionally, mediolateral force peaks (Fz) during heel contact were assessed. The ASI was calculated for all participants. Between-group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results Cadence, stride length, gait speed, and Fy2 values were significantly lower in the SBCLBP and CLBP groups compared to the control group. Additionally, these parameters were significantly lower in the SBCLBP group than in the CLBP group. However, the loading rate demonstrated greater variability across participants. No significant differences in ASI were observed among the groups. Conclusions Older adults with SBCLBP exhibit distinct gait characteristics compared to those with CLBP alone and those without CLBP. These differences may be attributed to structural postural alterations, distinguishing this subgroup from individuals with isolated CLBP. These findings underscore the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies tailored to the specific biomechanical alterations observed in this population. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention protocols to enhance stability and mitigate pain-related gait impairments associated with aging. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials using the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry website with ID number of, UMIN000055653 “Retrospectively registered” at 27/09/2024.
Related Links	https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1.pdf
Ending Page	10
Page Count	10
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	20521847
DOI	10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1
Journal	BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	17
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-04-07
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Sports Medicine Orthopedics Rehabilitation Medicine Chronic low back pain Older adults Gait Grand reaction forces Spatiotemporal Sway-back
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	2.1/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	2.3/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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