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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Bao, Rui Ruano, Miguel Ángel Gómez Shi, Ruixia Wang, Xinpu Han, Bo |
| Abstract | Background Video Assistant Referee (VAR) as a high-tech aid was introduced into football in 2018 to enhance the officiating accuracy of referees. At the 2020 UEFA European Championship, VAR was used for the first time. This study aims to investigate the impact of VAR on the UEFA European Championship. Methods The sample includes all matches of EURO 2016 (without VAR, n = 51) and EURO 2020 (with VAR, n = 51), in a total of 102 matches. For each game, nine VAR-related variables were recorded: goals, penalties, red cards, yellow cards, fouls, offsides, first-half game time, second-half game time and total game time. The tournaments pre and post the introduction of VAR were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. Results The results of this study revealed that the introduction of VAR led to a significant increase in the first-half match time (Z = 2.52, p = 0.012, ES = 0.13), the second-half match time (Z = 2.80, p = 0.005, ES = 0.16), total game time (Z = 3.74, p < 0.001, ES = 0.28) and the number of goals (Z = 2.25, p = 0.024, ES = 0.10), whereas a significant decrease in yellow cards (Z=-2.55, p = 0.011, ES = 0.13) was observed. Conclusions The findings of this study may have practical implications for optimizing VAR-related implementation regulations and the referee’s officiating strategies at the UEFA European Championship competitions. |
| Related Links | https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13102-025-01118-1.pdf |
| Ending Page | 7 |
| Page Count | 7 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 20521847 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13102-025-01118-1 |
| Journal | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2025-03-31 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Sports Medicine Orthopedics Rehabilitation Medicine Video assistant referee Football Performance analysis Referee Decision-making |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Orthopedics and Sports Medicine |
| Journal Impact Factor | 2.1/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 2.3/2023 |
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