NDLI: Starvation-induced cell fusion and heterokaryosis frequently escape imperfect allorecognition systems in an asexual fungal pathogen

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Vangalis, Vasileios Likhotkin, Ilya Knop, Michael Typas, Milton A. Papaioannou, Ioannis A.
Abstract	Background Asexual fungi include important pathogens of plants and other organisms, and their effective management requires understanding of their evolutionary dynamics. Genetic recombination is critical for adaptability and could be achieved via heterokaryosis — the co-existence of genetically different nuclei in a cell resulting from fusion of non-self spores or hyphae — and the parasexual cycle in the absence of sexual reproduction. Fusion between different strains and establishment of viable heterokaryons are believed to be rare due to non-self recognition systems. Here, we investigate the extent and mechanisms of cell fusion and heterokaryosis in the important asexual plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Results We used live-cell imaging and genetic complementation assays of tagged V. dahliae strains to analyze the extent of non-self vegetative fusion, heterokaryotic cell fate, and nuclear behavior. An efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system was developed to investigate the involvement of autophagy in heterokaryosis. Under starvation, non-self fusion of germinating spores occurs frequently regardless of the previously assessed vegetative compatibility of the partners. Supposedly “incompatible” fusions often establish viable heterokaryotic cells and mosaic mycelia, where nuclei can engage in fusion or transfer of genetic material. The molecular machinery of autophagy has a protective function against the destruction of “incompatible” heterokaryons. Conclusions We demonstrate an imperfect function of somatic incompatibility systems in V. dahliae. These systems frequently tolerate the establishment of heterokaryons and potentially the initiation of the parasexual cycle even between strains that were previously regarded as “incompatible.”
Related Links	https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12915-021-01101-5.pdf
Ending Page	19
Page Count	19
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17417007
DOI	10.1186/s12915-021-01101-5
Journal	BMC Biology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-08-24
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Verticillium dahliae Autophagy Conidial anastomosis tubes (CATs) CRISPR/Cas9 Heterokaryosis Heterokaryon incompatibility Parasexual cycle Vegetative compatibility
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Plant Science Biotechnology Physiology Agricultural and Biological Sciences Cell Biology Developmental Biology
Journal Impact Factor	4.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.4/2023

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