NDLI: A comprehensive survey of developmental programs reveals a dearth of tree-like lineage graphs and ubiquitous regeneration

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Mani, Somya Tlusty, Tsvi
Abstract	Background Multicellular organisms are characterized by a wide diversity of forms and complexity despite a restricted set of key molecules and mechanisms at the base of organismal development. Development combines three basic processes—asymmetric cell division, signaling, and gene regulation—in a multitude of ways to create this overwhelming diversity of multicellular life forms. Here, we use a generative model to test the limits to which such processes can be combined to generate multiple differentiation paths during development, and attempt to chart the diversity of multicellular organisms generated. Results We sample millions of biologically feasible developmental schemes, allowing us to comment on the statistical properties of cell differentiation trajectories they produce. We characterize model-generated “organisms” using the graph topology of their cell type lineage maps. Remarkably, tree-type lineage differentiation maps are the rarest in our data. Additionally, a majority of the “organisms” generated by our model appear to be endowed with the ability to regenerate using pluripotent cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that, in contrast to common views, cell type lineage graphs are unlikely to be tree-like. Instead, they are more likely to be directed acyclic graphs, with multiple lineages converging on the same terminal cell type. Furthermore, the high incidence of pluripotent cells in model-generated organisms stands in line with the long-standing hypothesis that whole body regeneration is an epiphenomenon of development. We discuss experimentally testable predictions of our model and some ways to adapt the generative framework to test additional hypotheses about general features of development.
Related Links	https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12915-021-01013-4.pdf
Ending Page	14
Page Count	14
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17417007
DOI	10.1186/s12915-021-01013-4
Journal	BMC Biology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-05-21
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Development Asymmetric cell division Signaling Homeostatic organism Cell type lineage graph Pluripotent Regeneration
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Plant Science Biotechnology Physiology Agricultural and Biological Sciences Cell Biology Developmental Biology
Journal Impact Factor	4.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.4/2023

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