NDLI: Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Widodo, Akhmad Fajri Chen, Chenyi Chan, Cheng-Wei Saleh, Wafaa Wiratama, Bayu Satria Pai, Chih-Wei
Abstract	Background Studies from Finland and Taiwan have shown that walking against traffic was beneficial for reducing pedestrian crashes and fatalities. This study examined whether such beneficial effects are consistent across various circumstances. Methods This study aimed to investigate pedestrian fatalities in walking-against or with-traffic crashes by analysing the UK STATS19 crash data for the period between 1991 and 2020. We firstly employed Chi-square tests to examine risk factors for pedestrian injury severity. These variables were then incorporated into stepwise logistic regression models with multiple variables. We subsequently conducted joint effect analysis to investigate whether the beneficial effects of walking against traffic on injury severity vary across different situations. Results Our data contained 44,488 pedestrian crashes, of which 16,889 and 27,599 involved pedestrians walking against and with traffic, respectively. Pedestrians involved in with-traffic crashes were more likely to sustain fatalities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.542; confidence interval [CI] = 1.139–1.927) compared with those in walking against-traffic crashes. The detrimental effect of walking with traffic on fatalities appeared to be more pronounced in darkness-unlit conditions (AOR = 1.48; CI = 1.29–1.70), during midnight hours (00:00–06:59 am) (AOR = 1.60; CI = 1.37–1.87), in rural areas (AOR = 2.20; CI = 1.92–2.51), when pedestrians were elderly (≥ 65 years old) (AOR = 2.65, CI = 2.16–3.26), and when heavy goods vehicles were crash partners (AOR = 1.51, CI = 1.28–1.78). Conclusions Walking against traffic was beneficial in reducing pedestrian fatalities compared with walking with traffic. Furthermore, such a beneficial effect was more pronounced in darkness-unlit conditions, at midnights (00:00–06:59 am), in rural areas, when pedestrians were elderly, and when heavy goods vehicles struck pedestrians.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-17083-8.pdf
Ending Page	7
Page Count	7
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-17083-8
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-11-09
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Walking against traffic Walking with traffic Pedestrians Fatalities Joint Effects Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

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