NDLI: Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers’ risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Stone, Matthew D. Mercincavage, Melissa Wileyto, E. Paul Tan, Andy S.L. Audrain-McGovern, Janet Villanti, Andrea C. Strasser, Andrew A.
Abstract	Objective Plain packaging and graphic warning labels are two regulatory strategies that may impact cigarette risk beliefs and reduce consumption, but data are needed to better understand how smokers respond to such regulations. Methods Adult, daily, Marlboro non-menthol smokers (Red [n = 141] or Gold [n = 43]) completed a mixed factorial randomized trial. Participants smoked their usual cigarettes during baseline (5-days) and were randomized to receive cigarette packs with a warning label manipulation (graphic vs. text-only). Within each warning label condition, participants completed three within-subjects pack color manipulations (red, gold, plain), each lasting 15 days. Participants were blinded to the fact that all packs contained their usual cigarettes. Mixed-effects models examined between- and within-subject differences on risk beliefs, product perceptions, and smoking behavior. Results Warning type and package color did not impact cigarette consumption or subjective ratings. However, use increased in all conditions (2.59–3.59 cigarettes per day) relative to baseline. While smokers largely held correct risk beliefs at baseline (Mean = 6.02, SE = 0.17, Range:0–8), the cumulative number of incorrect or uncertain cigarette risk beliefs increased from baseline in all pack color manipulations in the text (IRR range = 1.70–2.16) and graphic (IRR range = 1.31–1.70) warning conditions. Across all pack color periods, those in the graphic (vs. text) warning condition had reduced odds of reporting their study cigarettes as ‘safer’ than regular cigarettes (OR range = 0.22–0.32). Conclusions Pack color modification may increase uncertainty about several key cigarette risk beliefs, though graphic warnings may attenuate these effects. Regulatory agencies could consider supporting policy changes with information campaigns to maximize public knowledge. Trial registration November 25, 2014; Registration number: NCT02301351.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-17024-5.pdf
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-17024-5
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-10-27
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Cigarette packaging Warning labels Risk beliefs Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

The association between viewing cigarette health warning labels and intention to quit smoking among Chinese adult smokers: support for including health outcome content and culturally specific messages

Reactions of Chinese adults to warning labels on cigarette packages: A survey in Jiangsu Province

The estimated effect of graphic warning labels on smoker’s intention to quit in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

Noticing cigarette health warnings and support for new health warnings among non-smokers in China: findings from the International Tobacco Control project (ITC) China survey

Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes: a randomised controlled study

Cigar package quantity and smoking behavior

Impact of the New Malaysian Cigarette Pack Warnings on Smokers’ Awareness of Health Risks and Interest in Quitting Smoking

Association Between Graphic Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs and Smoking Cessation Attempts in Korean Adolescent Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

The implicit beliefs and implicit behavioral tendencies towards smoking-related cues among Chinese male smokers and non-smokers

Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers’ risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial

Similar Documents

The association between viewing cigarette health warning labels and intention to quit smoking among Chinese adult smokers: support for including health outcome content and culturally specific messages

Reactions of Chinese adults to warning labels on cigarette packages: A survey in Jiangsu Province

The estimated effect of graphic warning labels on smoker’s intention to quit in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

Noticing cigarette health warnings and support for new health warnings among non-smokers in China: findings from the International Tobacco Control project (ITC) China survey

Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes: a randomised controlled study

Cigar package quantity and smoking behavior

Impact of the New Malaysian Cigarette Pack Warnings on Smokers’ Awareness of Health Risks and Interest in Quitting Smoking

Association Between Graphic Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs and Smoking Cessation Attempts in Korean Adolescent Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

The implicit beliefs and implicit behavioral tendencies towards smoking-related cues among Chinese male smokers and non-smokers

Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers’ risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial