NDLI: Reducing infant and child mortality: assessing the social inclusiveness of child health care policies and programmes in three states of India

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Bango, Madhumita Ghosh, Soumitra
Abstract	Background Even though the overall infant mortality rate and child mortality rate have considerably declined in India, the marginalised groups-Scheduled Caste, and Scheduled Tribe, continue to have higher mortality rates. This study looks at the changes in IMR and CMR amongst disadvantaged and advanced social groups at the national level and in three states of India. Data and methods Data from five rounds of National Family Health Survey spanning nearly three decades have been used to measure IMR and CMR according to the social groups for India and for selected states-Bihar, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. The relative hazard curves were drawn to understand which social group’s children face a higher risk of dying in the first year of birth and between first year and age four in those three states. Further, a log-rank test was applied to examine whether the differences between the survival curves or distributions of the three social groups are statistically significant. Finally, the binary logit regression model was applied to investigate the effect of ethnicity, and other socio-economic and demographic covariates on the risk of infant and child deaths (1–4 years) in the country and in selected states. Results Hazard curve shows the probability of death within one year of birth was highest among the children belonging to the ST families, followed by SCs in India. And, the CMR was found to be higher amongst the STs compared to all other social groups as well at the national level. While Bihar had a remarkably high infant and child mortality rates, Tamil Nadu possessed the lowest child death rates irrespective of class, caste, and religion. The regression model revealed that most of the caste/tribe gaps in infant and child deaths might be attributed to the place of residence, mother’s level of education, economic status, and the number of children in a family. Notably, the multivariate analysis showed that ethnicity was an independent risk factor, when controlled for socioeconomic status. Conclusion The study detects the persistence of significant caste/tribe differentials in infant and child mortality in India. Poverty, education and health care access issues could be the possible reasons for the premature deaths of the children from deprived castes and tribes. There is a need to critically analyse the current health programmes aimed at reducing IMR and CMR to make them attuned to the needs of the marginalised communities.
Related Links	https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-15812-7.pdf
Ending Page	18
Page Count	18
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-15812-7
Journal	BMC Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-06-15
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Medicine Epidemiology Biostatistics Vaccine Environmental Health Infant Child Mortality Inequalities Caste NFHS Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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