NDLI: Dual transcriptional characterization of spinach and Peronospora effusa during resistant and susceptible race-cultivar interactions

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Clark, Kelley J. Feng, Chunda Anchieta, Amy G. Van Deynze, Allen Correll, James C. Klosterman, Steven J.
Abstract	Background Spinach downy mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa remains a major concern for spinach production. Disease control is predominantly based on development of resistant spinach cultivars. However, new races and novel isolates of the pathogen continue to emerge and overcome cultivar resistance. Currently there are 20 known races of P. effusa. Here we characterized the transcriptomes of spinach, Spinacia oleracea, and P. effusa during disease progression using the spinach cultivar Viroflay, the near isogenic lines NIL1 and NIL3, and P. effusa races, R13 and R19, at 24 h post inoculation and 6 days post inoculation. A total of 54 samples were collected and subjected to sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. Results Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in resistant spinach interactions of R13-NIL1 and R19-NIL3 revealed spinach DEGs from protein kinase-like and P-loop containing families, which have roles in plant defense. The homologous plant defense genes included but were not limited to, receptor-like protein kinases (Spiol0281C06495, Spiol06Chr21559 and Spiol06Chr24027), a BAK1 homolog (Spiol0223C05961), genes with leucine rich repeat motifs (Spiol04Chr08771, Spiol04Chr01972, Spiol05Chr26812, Spiol04Chr11049, Spiol0084S08137, Spiol03Chr20299) and ABC-transporters (Spiol02Chr28975, Spiol06Chr22112, Spiol06Chr03998 and Spiol04Chr09723). Additionally, analysis of the expression of eight homologous to previously reported downy mildew resistance genes revealed that some are differentially expressed during resistant reactions but not during susceptible reactions. Examination of P. effusa gene expression during infection of susceptible cultivars identified expressed genes present in R19 or R13 including predicted RxLR and Crinkler effector genes that may be responsible for race-specific virulence on NIL1 or NIL3 spinach hosts, respectively. Conclusions These findings deliver foundational insight to gene expression in both spinach and P. effusa during susceptible and resistant interactions and provide a library of candidate genes for further exploration and functional analysis. Such resources will be beneficial to spinach breeding efforts for disease resistance in addition to better understanding the virulence mechanisms of this obligate pathogen.
Related Links	https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-024-10809-x.pdf
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-024-10809-x
Journal	BMC Genomics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	25
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-10-07
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Microarrays Proteomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics and Genomics Race-specific Downy mildew Spinach Transcriptomics Defense Resistance Virulence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biotechnology Genetics
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.1/2023

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