NDLI: Upregulated TRIO expression correlates with a malignant phenotype in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Wang, Bin Fang, JiaQing Qu, Lei Cao, Zhongwei Zhou, JianGuo Deng, Biao
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Triple functional domain protein (TRIO) is an evolutionarily conserved Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) involved in cell proliferation and progression of some types of cancer. However, the expression and prognostic role of TRIO in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been determined. Therefore, we attempted to determine the impact of TRIO on the clinical outcome of HCC patients to further identify its role in HCC. TRIO expression was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in nonmalignant liver cells, HCC cells, and 93 paired of HCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Statistical analyses were used to assess associations between TRIO expression and clinicopathological and prognostic factors. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated TRIO inhibition was performed in Hep3B and Huh7 cells to elucidate its roles in HCC. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to measure cell proliferation, and apoptosis assay was analyzed by flow cytometry, respectively. Adhesion and transwell invasion assay were performed to determine the invasion ability of HCC cells in vitro. TRIO was significantly upregulated in the HCC cell lines and tissues compared with the nonmalignant liver cells and adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. In addition, high TRIO expression level associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0183), clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.0.0106), and decrease in overall survival (OS) (P = 0.017). Knockdown of TRIO on Hep3B and Huh7 cell lines suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing TRIO expression led to decrease of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), p-P38, B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). Our results demonstrated that TRIO protein expression is elevated and associated with a worse over survival rates in patients with HCC. Aberrant expression of TRIO might play an important role in HCC through promoting cell proliferation and invasion, and TRIO may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Starting Page	6901
Ending Page	6908
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10104283
Journal	Tumor Biology
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	14230380
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-04-08
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	TRIO HCC Prognosis Cell proliferation Cell adhesion Cell invasion Apoptosis Cancer Research
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Cancer Research

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