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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Vacek, Thomas P. Vacek, Jonathan C. Tyagi, Neetu Tyagi, Suresh C. |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Autophagy is a process used for intracellular digestion of organelles and proteins and has special relevance to the long-lived cardiomyocytes in heart disease. The pathway for autophagy and all its mediators remain to be elucidated, but involve such proteins as Atg, Beclin-1, LAMP-2, BH3, Bcl2, PI3K Kinase as well as a plethora of others. It is still not entirely clear whether autophagy is destructive or beneficial to the cell; evidence suggests that the answer is case-specific. For instance, autophagy appears to preserve cell life under cases of ischemia in I/R injury, but is detrimental during reperfusion. High levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-containing amino acid, have been shown to be an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure. There are several links to induction and repression of autophagy and Hcy; the following connections to Hcy and autophagy have been made: intracellular nitrous oxide production, intracellular calcium production, and reactive oxygen species production. Further work remains to be elucidated concerning the specific mechanisms under which autophagy occurs and possible Hcy-mediated connections. Moreover, the therapeutic implications might be of some promise to patients. |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| Ending Page | 11 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 10859195 |
| Journal | Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics |
| Volume Number | 62 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 15590283 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Humana Press Inc |
| Publisher Date | 2011-09-11 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Beclin-1 BNIP3 Calpain-1 Ischemia/reperfusion injury Mitochondrial pore transition Oxidative stress Biophysics and Biological Physics Cell Biology Biochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Biotechnology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Medicine Biochemistry Biophysics |
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