NDLI: Three Decadal Inputs of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Four Major Coastal Rivers to the Summer Hypoxic Zone of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	He, Songjie Xu, Y. Jun
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Nutrient enrichment is considered one of the most important causes for summer hypoxic conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) off the Louisiana coast. While many studies on nutrient inputs from the large Mississippi-Atchafalaya River System have been conducted, little is known about nutrient inputs from other coastal rivers in Louisiana. In this study, we utilized long-term (1980–2009) records on river discharge and nutrient concentrations of four major Louisiana coastal rivers—the Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermentau, and Vermilion—to estimate daily, monthly, and annual inflows of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen (NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) into the NGOM. The three-decade-long nutrient inflows from these rivers were analyzed for their seasonal fluctuations, interannual variabilities, and decadal trends. Fluxes of NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$, TKN, and TP for these river basins were estimated to assess land use effects on riverine nutrients. Our study found that the four coastal rivers discharged each year a considerably large amount of NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$ (total of 1755 t), TKN (12,208 t), and TP (1833 t) into the NGOM, with a peak input of nitrogen during the spring. The Mermentau and Vermilion Rivers, which drain intensive agriculture areas, had significantly higher NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$, TKN, and TP concentrations when compared with the Sabine and Calcasieu Rivers, which drain forest-pasture-dominated lands. The fluxes of NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$, TKN, and TP from the Mermentau River Basin (156 kg km$^{−2}$ year$^{−1}$ NO$_{3}$ + NO$_{2}$, 942 kg km$^{−2}$ year$^{−1}$ TKN, and 206 kg km$^{−2}$ year$^{−1}$ TP) and the Vermilion River Basin (374, 1078, and 360) were much higher than those combined from the Sabine and Calcasieu River Basins (66, 710, and 62). These findings fill a major knowledge gap concerning the quantity and characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus transport from coastal watersheds to North America’s largest hypoxic zone.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	18
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00496979
Journal	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Volume Number	226
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	15732932
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2015-08-27
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Eutrophication Riverine nitrogen and phosphorus Coastal water quality Hypoxic zone Southwest Louisiana Gulf of Mexico Environment Water Quality/Water Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Hydrogeology Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecological Modeling Environmental Chemistry Pollution Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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