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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Bernard, Jean Marc Nkengne Nkengne, Alain Patrick Robert, François |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | Cet article propose une analyse critique de la mise en place de nouveaux programmes scolaires en Afrique à travers l’exemple de l’approche par les compétences (APC). De nombreux pays ont choisi cette approche pour l’élaboration de nouveaux programmes scolaires et elle est présentée comme un facteur déterminant de l’amélioration de la qualité de l’éducation. Nous analysons la mise en œuvre de nouveaux programmes selon l’APC à l’école fondamentale en Mauritanie. Les résultats montrent que les principaux problèmes en matière d’acquisitions se situent d’abord dans l’application effective des programmes dans les salles de classe plutôt que dans leur contenu. Des analyses complémentaires tendent à montrer que ce constat peut s’étendre à d’autres pays africains. Nous présentons ensuite les origines de l’APC, ses ambitions mais aussi ses limites sur le plan pédagogique. Nous pointons ainsi les insuffisances de cette approche quant à sa capacité à prendre en compte les réalités et les besoins des systèmes éducatifs africains. Ces différents éléments nous amènent à conclure que si la réforme des programmes scolaires dans les pays africains est souvent nécessaire, elle ne constitue assurément pas une panacée pour les problèmes de qualité de l’éducation.SCHOOL CURRICULA REFORMS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN AFRICA: MYTH VS. REALITY - This paper proposes a critical analysis of the introduction and implementation of new school curricula in Africa based on the example of the skills based approach (SBA). In many countries, the SBA has been chosen as the most appropriate and relevant method to change their school curriculum and improve education quality. We analyse the implementation of those new curricula based on the SBA in primary schools in Mauritania. The results show that the main problems affecting pupils’ achievement lie rather in the effective implementation of curricula in the classrooms than in their contents. Additional analyses show that this result is confirmed in other African countries. As a background analysis, we present the origins of SBA, define its purposes and assess its limits from a pedagogical point of view. The weaknesses of this approach in taking into account the needs and the realities of African educational systems are stressed. These various elements lead to the conclusion that if curriculum reforms are often necessary in African countries, this can not be a cure for education quality issues.DIE REFORM VON GRUNDSCHULLEHRPLÄNEN IN AFRIKA: MYTHOS UND REALITÄT – Dieser Beitrag bietet am Beispiel des eignungsbezogenen Ansatzes (SBA) eine kritische Analyse der Einführung und Anwendung neuer LehrplÄne in afrikanischen Schulen. In vielen LÄndern gilt der SBA als am besten geeignete und sachdienlichste Methode von LehrplanÄnderungen und QualitÄtssteigerungen im Bildungsbereich. Wir analysieren, wie diese auf dem SBA basierenden neuen LehrplÄne in mauritanischen Grundschulen angewendet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass hinsichtlich der Schülerleistungen das Hauptproblem eher in der effektiven Anwendung der LehrplÄne im Klassenzimmer liegt als in den Inhalten dieser LehrplÄne selbst. Weitergehende Analysen erweisen diese Ergebnisse als auch für andere afrikanische LÄnder zutreffend. Als Hintergrundanalyse stellen wir die Ursprünge des SBA dar, erklÄren seine Ziele und beurteilen seine Grenzen aus pÄdagogischer Sicht. Die SchwÄchen dieses Ansatzes werden besonders deutlich, wenn man die RealitÄten des afrikanischen Bildungssystems berücksichtigt. Die Schussfolgerung aus diesen Analysen zeigt, dass Lehrplanreformen in afrikanischen LÄndern zwar oftmals notwendig sind, jedoch kein Allheilmittel zur Anhebung der BildungsqualitÄt darstellen.REFORMAS DE LOS PLANES DE ESTUDIO EN LAS ESCUELAS PRIMARIAS DE ÁFRICA: MITO VERSUS REALIDAD – Este trabajo propone un anÁlisis crítico de la introducción e implementación de nuevos currículos en las escuelas africanas, basado en el ejemplo del skills based approach (SBA), un enfoque basado en las habilidades. En muchos países, el SBA fue elegido el método mÁs adecuado y relevante para cambiar el currículum escolar y mejorar la calidad de la educación. Analizamos la implementación de estos nuevos planes de estudio basados en un SBA en las escuelas primarias de Mauretania. Los resultados muestran que los problemas en cuanto al progreso de los alumnos residen mÁs que nada en la implementación efectiva de los planes de estudio en las aulas, y no tanto en sus contenidos. Los anÁlisis adicionales han demostrado que estos resultados son similares en otros países africanos. Como anÁlisis de fondo, presentamos los orígenes del SBA, definimos sus objetivos y también evaluamos sus limitaciones desde un punto de vista pedagógico. Se hace énfasis en los puntos débiles del enfoque, con el fin de tomar en cuenta las necesidades y realidades del sistema educativo africano. Estos diversos elementos dan lugar a la conclusión de que, si bien las reformas curriculares muchas veces son necesarias en los países africanos, no pueden subsanar los problemas existentes de calidad de la educación. |
| Starting Page | 555 |
| Ending Page | 575 |
| Page Count | 21 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00208566 |
| Journal | International Review of Education |
| Volume Number | 53 |
| Issue Number | 5-6 |
| e-ISSN | 15730638 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 2007-09-14 |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Education (general) |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Education E-learning |
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