NDLI: Dependence of femtosecond writing parameters in waveguide formation process within significantly broad depths range

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bukharin, M. A. Skryabin, N. N. Khudyakov, D. V. Vartapetov, S. K.
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Direct femtosecond laser inscription has become an advanced and widespread maskless technology for waveguides writing inside optical materials. One of the advantages of the technology consists in combination of both high efficiency of integral optics and perfect thermal and spectral characteristics of bulk optical elements. In the paper we proposed, for what is believed to be the first time, femtosecond inscription of induced structures with modified refractive index (reduced down to −6 × 10$^{−3}$) within significantly broad depth range (more than 550 μm) and waveguide with mode field diameter 200 μm, 30 mm length and numerical aperture 0.04. Proposed result broadens field of application of femtosecond writing technology into large mode diameter waveguides formation and hybrid integral-bulk laser schemes that create an opportunity to develop novel optical elements. Laser induced tracks with controlled refractive index were written with aspherical lens at all the depths within range between 550 and 1100 μm under the surface of the sample. Continuous writing process at significantly different depths was based on dynamic adjustment of femtosecond pulses energy to compensate negative effect of spherical aberration. In the investigation we examined dependences of writing energy range and geometry of induced refractive index tracks on writing depth. Experiments were carried out in Nd:phosphate glass in thermal cumulative regime (repetition rate of femtosecond pulses was 2 MHz) and compared with numerical simulation. It was shown, that dependence of working range on focusing depth is nonlinear, nonmonotonic and significantly differs for positive and negative shift from optimal correction depth of the lens.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	9
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03068919
Journal	Optical and Quantum Electronics
Volume Number	49
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	1572817X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2017-01-05
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Waveguide Integrated optics Femtosecond writing Refractive index Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices Electrical Engineering Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Computer Communication Networks
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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