NDLI: Facilitated transport of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by humic substances in saturated porous media under acidic conditions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Zhang, Ruichang Zhang, Haibo Tu, Chen Hu, Xuefeng Li, Lianzhen Luo, Yongming Christie, Peter
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The transport behavior of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO$_{2}$ NPs, 30 nm in diameter) was studied in well-defined porous media composed of clean quartz sand over a range of solution chemistry under acidic conditions. Transport of TiO$_{2}$ NPs was dramatically enhanced by humic substances (HS) at acidic pH (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0), even at a low HS concentration of 0.5 mg L$^{−1}$. Facilitated transport of TiO$_{2}$ NPs was likely attributable to the increased stability of TiO$_{2}$ NPs and repulsive interaction between TiO$_{2}$ NPs and quartz sands due to the adsorbed HS. The mobility of TiO$_{2}$ NPs was also increased with increasing pH from 4.0 to 6.0. Although transport of TiO$_{2}$ NPs was insensitive to low ionic strength, it was significantly inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl and CaCl$_{2}$. In addition, calculated Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy indicated that high energy barriers were responsible for the high mobility of TiO$_{2}$ NPs, while the secondary energy minimum could play an important role in the retention of TiO$_{2}$ NPs at 100 mmol L$^{−1}$ NaCl. Straining and gravitational settlement of larger TiO$_{2}$ NPs aggregates at 1 mg L$^{−1}$ HS, pH 5.0, and 2 mmol L$^{−1}$ CaCl$_{2}$ could be responsible for the significant retention even in the presence of high energy barriers. Moreover, more favorable interaction between approaching TiO$_{2}$ NPs and TiO$_{2}$ NPs that had been already deposited on the collector resulted in a ripening-shape breakthrough curve at 2 mmol L$^{−1}$ CaCl$_{2}$. Overall, a combination of mechanisms including DLVO-type force, straining, and physical filtration was involved in the retention of TiO$_{2}$ NPs over the range of solution chemistry examined in this study.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13880764
Journal	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	1572896X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-04-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Facilitated transport Humic substances Mechanisms Aggregation Straining Transport phenomena Nanotechnology Inorganic Chemistry Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Physical Chemistry Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Modeling and Simulation

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