NDLI: One pot synthesis of silver nanocrystals using the seaweed Gracilaria edulis: biophysical characterization and potential against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and the midge Chironomus circumdatus

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Madhiyazhagan, Pari Murugan, Kadarkarai Kumar, Arjunan Naresh Nataraj, Thiyagarajan Subramaniam, Jayapal Chandramohan, Balamurugan Panneerselvam, Chellasamy Dinesh, Devakumar Suresh, Udaiyan Nicoletti, Marcello Alsalhi, Mohamad Saleh Devanesan, Sandhanasamy Benelli, Giovanni
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent a deadly threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide. Seaweeds are an important resource for marine biotechnology and are currently investigated as sources of reducing and capping agents for the nanosynthesis of mosquitocides. Culex quinquefasciatus is a major vector of lymphatic filariasis, while chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) elicit allergic reactions. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were biosynthesized using a cheap aqueous extract of Gracilaria edulis as reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of AgNP was confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. AgNP were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. AgNP were mostly spherical and cubic in shape, crystalline in nature. Gracilaria edulis-synthesized AgNP showed excellent ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and ovideterrent toxicity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Chironomus circumdatus. Larvicidal LC$_{50}$ ranged from 17 to 29 ppm. AgNP of 30 ppm led to 100 % mortality in treated eggs. Doses higher than 10 ppm lead to oviposition deterrence rates higher than 75 % (Oviposition Activity Index lower than −0.59). In the field, a single application of AgNP (10 × LC$_{50}$) led to elimination of larval populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ch. circumdatus within 72 h. Overall, G. edulis-synthesized AgNP may be potential candidates to develop eco-friendly control tools against Diptera of medical and veterinary importance.
Starting Page	649
Ending Page	659
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09218971
Journal	Journal of Applied Phycology
Volume Number	29
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15735176
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2016-09-21
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Chironomidae Culicidae Filariasis Nanotechnology Ovicide Oviposition deterrent activity Rhodophyta Plant Sciences Freshwater & Marine Ecology Plant Physiology Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Aquatic Science

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