NDLI: System simulations of a 1.5 V SiGe 81

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tired, Tobias Sandrup, Per Nejdel, Anders Wernehag, Johan Sjöland, Henrik
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	This paper presents simulation results for a sliding-IF SiGe E-band transmitter circuit for the 81–86 GHz E-band. The circuit was designed in a SiGe process with f T = 200 GHz and uses a supply of 1.5 V. The low supply voltage eliminates the need for a dedicated transmitter voltage regulator. The carrier generation is based on a 28 GHz quadrature voltage oscillator (QVCO). Upconversion to 84 GHz is performed by first mixing with the QVCO signals, converting the signal from baseband to 28 GHz, and then mixing it with the 56 GHz QVCO second harmonic, present at the emitter nodes of the QVCO core devices. The second mixer is connected to a three-stage power amplifier utilizing capacitive cross-coupling to increase the gain, providing a saturated output power of +14 dBm with a 1 dB output compression point of +11 dBm. E-band radio links using higher order modulation, e.g. 64 QAM, are sensitive to I/Q phase errors. The presented design is based on a 28 GHz QVCO, the lower frequency reducing the phase error due to mismatch in active and passive devices. The I/Q mismatch can be further reduced by adjusting varactors connected to each QVCO output. The analog performance of the transmitter is based on ADS Momentum models of all inductors and transformers, and layout parasitic extracted views of the active parts. For the simulations with a 16 QAM modulated baseband input signal, however, the Momentum models were replaced with lumped equivalent models to ease simulator convergence. Constellation diagrams and error vector magnitude (EVM) were calculated in MATLAB using data from transient simulations. The EVM dependency on QVCO phase noise, I/Q imbalance and PA compression has been analyzed. For an average output power of 7.5 dBm, the design achieves 7.2% EVM for a 16 QAM signal with 1 GHz bandwidth. The current consumption of the transmitter, including the PA, equals 131 mA from a 1.5 V supply.
Starting Page	333
Ending Page	349
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09251030
Journal	Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Volume Number	90
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	15731979
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-12-31
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	E-band MM-wave EVM Transmitter Power amplifier 16 QAM SiGe Circuits and Systems Electrical Engineering Signal,Image and Speech Processing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Surfaces, Coatings and Films Signal Processing Hardware and Architecture

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