NDLI: Head Injury Potential and the Effectiveness of Headgear in Women’s Lacrosse

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Rodowicz, Kathleen Allen Olberding, Joseph E. Rau, Andrew C.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Over the past 10 years, lacrosse has grown increasingly popular, making it one of the fastest growing team sports in the country. Similar to other sporting activities, head injuries in lacrosse can and do occur, and the number of lacrosse-related head injuries has increased in recent years. In women’s lacrosse, protective headgear is not required, but U.S. Lacrosse and the American Society for Testing and Materials are currently working to develop a headgear standard for the women’s game. In the interim, some female lacrosse programs and individual players are wearing soft headgear during play. The effectiveness of this headgear is unknown. Testing was conducted to better understand the material properties of various types of headgear that may be used in lacrosse and the effect of this headgear on head impact response and head injury potential. For the evaluation of head impact response, an instrumented Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was impacted on the side of the head with lacrosse balls and the front and side of the head with a lacrosse stick. The linear and rotational impact response of the head and corresponding acceleration-based injury metrics are reported. Testing was then repeated with the ATD wearing different types of headgear. Tested headgear included a men’s lacrosse helmet and two brands of commercially-available soft headgear. For the higher velocity ball impacts, there was no statistically-significant difference in the measured linear and rotational response of the head for the no headgear and soft headgear test conditions. For the lower velocity ball impacts, there was a small, yet statistically-significant, reduction in head linear acceleration for one of the soft headgears tested in comparison to the no headgear test condition, but there was not a statistically-significant difference in the rotational impact response with this headgear. These results indicate that the soft headgear would not be effective in reducing head injury potential during higher velocity ball impacts, such as ball speeds associated with shooting in women’s lacrosse. The men’s lacrosse helmet reduced both the linear and rotational response of the head for the higher and lower velocity ball impacts. Material testing showed that the padding in the hard helmet exhibited larger strain energy than the padding within the soft headgears when tested in compression. These results correlate with the larger reductions in head accelerations during ball impacts by the hard helmet. For the stick impacts, there were no statistically-significant differences in the lateral impact response of the head for the helmeted and soft headgear test conditions in comparison to the no headgear test condition, but there were statistically-significant, albeit small, differences in the frontal impact response of the head. The similar impact responses of the head during the stick impacts with and without headgear can be attributed to the relatively low severity of these impacts and the characteristics of the impactor.
Starting Page	949
Ending Page	957
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-10-18
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Sport-related concussion Head impact testing Ball impact testing Stick impact testing Headgear standards Helmet Soft headgear Brine Full90 ForceField U.S. lacrosse Biomedicine general Biomedical Engineering Biophysics and Biological Physics Mechanics Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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