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Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt vereinigt mit Tharandter forstliches Jahrbuch : Volume 119

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Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt vereinigt mit Tharandter forstliches Jahrbuch : Volume 116

Bacteria in radial shakes in pedunculate oak trees

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Schmidt, Olaf Moreth, Ute Butin, Heinz Kehr, Rolf
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	Untersucht wurden Vorkommen und Verbreitung von Bakterien in sogenannten „Frostrissen“ von Eichenstämmen, um Kenntnisse über die mögliche Bedeutung von Bakterien für die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Radialrissen in lebenden Bäumen zu erhalten. Die Bakterienisolierungen erfolgten aus Stammscheiben unterschiedlicher Höhe von frisch gefällten Stiel-Eichen mit äußerlich sichtbaren „Frostrissen“. Von der Innenfläche der Risse wurden häufig Bakterien isoliert. Die Bakteriendichte nahm mit der Entfernung von der Rißoberfläche zum Inneren des Holzes ab. Holz in Rißferne war in der Regel steril. Entlang eines Risses verringerte sich die Bakterienzahl vom Mark zur Splintholzgrenze. Der Splint war meist keimfrei. In Längsrichtung waren Scheiben aus Wurzelnähe stärker bakteriell besiedelt als solche aus 1,5 und 2 m Höhe. Die erhaltenen Reinkulturen waren häufig Bacillaceae und weitere mikroaerophile bzw. fakultativ anaerobe Bakterien, vermutlich Milchsäurebakterien und Enterobacteriaceae. Abbauversuche unter aeroben und anaeroben Bedingungen an verholzten Zellwänden und ihren Komponenten zeigten das für „Holzbakterien“ typische Verhaltensmuster: Abbau von Parenchymzellen, Pektin und Cellulosederivaten sowie fehlende Aktivität gegenüber nativer Cellulose und verholzten Zellwänden. Zusätzlich wurden in den Rissen als Pilze vereinzelt einige Deuteromyceten und Ascomyceten nachgewiesen. Aus den Laborergebnissen könnte gefolgert werden, daß Bakterien bei der Auflösung der Holzstruktur, vor allem der Pektine und Cellulosederivate, und damit an der Entstehung und Ausweitung von Radialrissen im Holz lebender Bäume beteiligt sein können.The occurrence and distribution of bacteria in so-called ‘frost cracks’ in oak trees were investigated to determine the possible role of bacteria in the formation and development of radial cracks in living trees. The bacterial samples were taken from wood cross-sections obtained at different trunk heights from freshly felled oak trees showing signs of ‘frost cracks’. Inner portions of the cracks often yielded bacteria, the colonization density of which declined from the surface of the crack to the adjacent deeper wood tissues. Controls from sound wood not affected by cracks were sterile in general. The number of bacteria declined from the pith to the sapwood boundary. The sapwood was sterile for the most part. Bacteria colonization was more extensive in cross-sections from the lower parts of the tree than in cross-sections taken at heights of 1.5 or 2 meters. The pure cultures belonged mainly to Bacillaceae and to other microaerophilic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, presumably lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. Degradation tests on woody cell walls and their components under aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed a pattern typical for ‘wood bacteria’, i. e. degradation of parenchyma cells, pectin and cellulose derivatives as well as the lack of activity in respect to crystalline cellulose and woody cell walls. Rarely, other organisms such as a few Deuteromycetes and Ascomycetes were present in the cracks. The laboratory results may support the assumption that bacteria could be involved in the deterioration of the wood structure, especially of pectins and cellulose derivatives, and may contribute to the formation and further development of radial cracks in the wood of living trees.
Starting Page	375
Ending Page	389
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00158003
Journal	Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt vereinigt mit Tharandter forstliches Jahrbuch
Volume Number	120
Issue Number	1-6
e-ISSN	14390337
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2001-01-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Frost cracks radial shakes oak trees pedunculate oak bacteria Forestry Plant Sciences Plant Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Forestry

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