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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Quinton, W. L. Baltzer, J. L. |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | The southern margin of permafrost is experiencing unprecedented rates of thaw, yet the effect of this thaw on northern water resources is poorly understood. The hydrology of the active layer on a thawing peat plateau in the wetland-dominated zone of discontinuous permafrost was studied at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories (Canada), from 2001 to 2010. Two distinct and seasonally characteristic levels of unfrozen moisture were evident in the 0.7-m active layer. Over-winter moisture migration produced a zone of high ice content near the ground surface. The runoff response of a plateau depends on which of the three distinct zones of hydraulic conductivity the water table is displaced into. The moisture and temperature of the active layer steadily rose with each year, with the largest increases close to the ground surface. Permafrost thaw reduced subsurface runoff by (1) lowering the hydraulic gradient, (2) thickening the active layer and, most importantly, (3) reducing the surface area of the plateau. By 2010, the cumulative permafrost thaw had reduced plateau runoff to 47 % of what it would have been had there been no change in hydraulic gradient, active layer thickness and plateau surface area over the decade.La marge Sud du permafrost connaît actuellement un taux de dégel sans précédent, l’effet de ce dégel sur les ressources septentrionales en eau étant jusqu’à présent mal compris. L’hydrologie de la couche productive d’un plateau de tourbe en cours de dégel dans la zone de permafrost discontinu à dominante humide a été étudiée sur Scotty Creek, Territoires du Nord-Ouest canadien, de 2001 à 2010. Deux niveaux distincts non gelés à marques saisonnières sont évidents dans la couche productive 0.7-m. Une migration hivernale d’humidité produit en subsurface une zone de à teneur en glace élevée. La réponse d’un plateau en termes d’écoulement dépend de la zone dans laquelle, parmi les trois zones de conductivité hydraulique distinctes, l’aquifère se déplace. L’humidité et la température de la couche productive s’élèvent régulièrement chaque année, avec la plus grande augmentation à proximité de la surface du sol. La fonte du permafrost réduit l’écoulement de subsurface en (1) diminuant le gradient hydraulique (2) amincissant la couche productive, et le plus important, (3) en réduisant l’aire de la surface du plateau. En 2010, la fonte cumulée du permafrost a réduit l’écoulement du plateau de 47 % de ce qu’il aurait été s’il n’y avait pas eu de variation du gradient hydraulique, de l’épaisseur de l’horizon productif et de la surface du plateau durant la décade.El margen sur del permafrost está experimentando tasas de deshielo sin precedentes, sin embargo los efectos de este deshielo en los recursos de agua del norte es poco conocido. Se estudió la hidrología de la capa activa en la descongelación en un plateau de turba en la zona dominada por humedales en Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories (Canada), desde 2001 a 2010. Dos niveles distintos y característicos estacionalmente de humedad descongelada fueron evidentes en los 0.7-m de la capa activa. Durante el invierno la migración de humedad produce una zona de alto contenido de hielo cerca de la superficie del suelo. La respuesta del escurrimiento del Plateau depende de cual de las tres zonas diferenciadas de conductividad hidráulica de la capa freática se desplaza hacia el interior. La humedad y la temperatura de la capa activa aumentaron en forma constante cada año, con los mayores incrementos cercanos a la superficie del suelo. El deshielo del permafrost redujo el escurrimiento subsuperficial por (1) reducción del gradiente hidráulico, (2) engrosamiento de la capa activa y, lo más importante, (3) reducción de la superficie del área del plateau. Para el año 2010, el deshielo del permafrost acumulado ha reducido el escurrimiento del plateau a 47 % de lo que habría sido si no hubiera habido ningún cambio en el gradiente hidráulico, en el espesor de la capa activa y en la superficie del área de Plateau durante la década.永久冻土南部边缘现今的融化速率是前所未有的,然而人们对于冻土融化对北部水资源的影响却知之甚少。从2001年到2010年,在加拿大西北地区的Scotty Creek,对融化泥炭高原上湿地占主导地位的冻土不连续地区的活性层的进行了水文研究。在活性层的0.7m深处,未凝结水汽的两种不同的和季节性的特征表现得很明显。越冬水汽的迁移在近地表面产生了高冰含量区。高原径流响应取决于地下水位被这三个水力传导系数截然不同的区域中的一个所取代。活性层的水汽和温度逐年稳步上升,在近地表面的增幅最大。冻土融化通过以下方式来减少地下径流量:i)降低水力梯度,ii)加厚活性层的厚度,最重要的一点是,iii)减少高原的表面积。截至2010年,累积的永久冻土融化已将高原径流量减少到47%,这是在假设水力梯度,活性层厚度和高原表面积在过去的十年中没有变化的情况下的径流量。O limite sul do permafrost está a evidenciar um grau de fusão sem precedentes, e no entanto é mal conhecido o efeito desta fusão nos recuros hídricos nas regiões do norte. De 2001 a 2010 foi estudada a hidrologia da camada ativa num planalto de turfa em descongelação numa zona predominantemente húmida de um permafrost descontínuo, em Scotty Creek, Territórios do Noroeste (Canadá). Na camada ativa de 0.7 m eram evidentes dois níveis distintos e sazonalmente característicos de humidade não congelada. A migração da humidade ao longo do inverno produziu uma zona de alto teor de gelo perto da superfície do terreno. A resposta em termos de escoamento de um planalto depende para qual das três diferentes zonas de condutividade hidráulica a superfície hidrostática se desloca. A humidade e a temperatura da camada ativa subiram regularmente em cada ano, com os maiores aumentos mais perto da superfície. A fusão do permafrost reduziu o escoamento subsuperficial devido, (1) ao abaixamento do gradiente hidráulico, (2) ao espessamento da camada ativa e, o mais importante, (3) à redução da área superficial do planalto. Em 2010, a fusão cumulativa do permafrost tinha reduzido o escoamento no planalto a 47 % do que teria sido se ao longo da década não tivesse havido alteração do gradiente hidráulico, da espessura da camada ativa e da área superficial do planalto. |
| Starting Page | 201 |
| Ending Page | 220 |
| Page Count | 20 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2012-12-01 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Permafrost Hydrology Wetlands Runoff Canada Hydrogeology Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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