NDLI: Quantification of karst aquifer discharge components during storm events through end-member mixing analysis using natural chemistry and stable isotopes as tracers

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Doctor, Daniel H. Alexander, E. Calvin Petrič, Metka Kogovšek, Janja Urbanc, Janko Lojen, Sonja Stichler, Willibald
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Karst aquifer components that contribute to the discharge of a water supply well in the Classical Karst (Kras) region (Italy/Slovenia) were quantitatively estimated during storm events. Results show that water released from storage within the epikarst may comprise as much as two-thirds of conduit flow in a karst aquifer following rainfall. Principal components analysis (PCA) and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) were performed using major ion chemistry and the stable isotopes of water (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H) and of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ$^{13}$C$_{DIC}$) to estimate mixing proportions among three sources: (1) allogenic river recharge, (2) autogenic recharge, and (3) an anthropogenic component stored within the epikarst. The sinking river most influences the chemical composition of the water-supply well under low-flow conditions; however, this proportion changes rapidly during recharge events. Autogenic recharge water, released from shallow storage in the epikarst, displaces the river water and is observed at the well within hours after the onset of precipitation. The autogenic recharge end member is the second largest component of the well chemistry, and its contribution increases with higher flow. An anthropogenic component derived from epikarstic storage also impacts the well under conditions of elevated hydraulic head, accounting for the majority of the chemical response at the well during the wettest conditions.Se estimaron cuantitativamente, durante eventos lluviosos, los componentes de un acuífero kárstico que contribuyen a la descarga de un pozo de abastecimiento de agua en la región Kras (Italia/Eslovenia). Los resultados muestran que el agua liberada del reservorio dentro de la zona epikárstica puede comprender hasta dos tercios del flujo en conductos en un acuífero kárstico después de la lluvia. Se realizaron un Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y un Análisis de Mezcla de Miembros Extremos (EMMA) usando química de iones y los isótopos estables del agua (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H) y carbono inorgánico disuelto (δ$^{13}$C$_{DIC}$) para estimar las proporciones de mezcla entre las tres fuentes: (1) recarga de río alogénico, (2) recarga autogénica, y (3) un componente antropogénico almacenado en el epikarst. La composición química del agua del pozo de abastecimiento está influenciada principalmente por el río hundido bajo condiciones de flujo escaso; sin embargo, esta proporción cambia mucho durante eventos de recarga. La recarga de agua autogénica, liberada del almacenamiento somero en el epikarst, desplaza el agua de río y se detecta en el pozo a pocas horas después del inicio de la lluvia. La recarga autogénica del miembro extremo es el segundo componente más grande de la química del agua y su contribución se incremente con flujos altos. Un componente antropogénico derivado del almacenamiento epikárstico también impacta el pozo bajo condiciones de elevada presión hidráulica explicando la mayor parte de la respuesta química en el pozo durante las condiciones más húmedas.La composante des aquifères karstiques contribuant au débit des puits d’alimentation en eau potable dans la région de Kras (Italie / Slovénie) a été estimée quantitativement durant les évènements de crues. Les résultats montrent que l’eau relarguée par l’épikarst peut contenir jusqu’aux deux-tiers du débit du conduit karstique, après un évènement pluvieux. Une analyse en composante principale (PCA) et une analyse EMMA (End-Member Mixing Analysis) ont été réalisées en utilisant les ions majeurs et les isotopes stables de l’eau (δ$^{18}$O, δ$^{2}$H) et de la matière organique (δ$^{13}$C$_{DIC}$) pour estimer les proportions de mélange entre les trois sources (1) la recharge allogénique par la rivière (2) la recharge autogénique (3) la composant anthropique de l’épikarst. La rivière influence essentiellement la composition de chimique des puits lors des basses eaux; par contre la proportion change rapidement lors des évènements de recharge. La recharge autogénique, en provenance des eaux de l’épikarst superficiel, déplace les eaux de la rivière et est observée dans les heures qui suit le début de la précipitation. La recharge autogénique est la deuxième plus importante composante chimique de l’eau du puits, et son influence grandit avec le débit. La composante anthropogénique est dérivée du réservoir épikarstique influençant le puits lorsque la charge hydraulique est la plus haute, et justifiant la majorité des réponses chimiques du puits durant les conditions les plus humides.
Starting Page	1171
Ending Page	1191
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-07-11
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Karst Hydrochemistry Stable isotopes Statistical modeling Groundwater/surface-water relations Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Geology Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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