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Fast water infiltration: a mechanism for fracture formation during land subsidence

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Martinez, Isaac Hinkelmann, Reinhard Savidis, Stavros
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	A mechanism for fracture generation and for triggering land subsidence is presented. Infiltration through a pre-existing fracture zone into a two-layered system, as well as the deformation of unconsolidated sediments on the land surface, was numerically investigated. The numerical simulation of infiltration is based on a two-phase flow-model concept for porous media, and for the deformation, it is based on a Mohr-Coulomb model concept. Different studies with variations of the fracture parameter and infiltration conditions have been carried out. The infiltration results show that fast infiltration in a partially saturated aquifer leads to land subsidence, extension of pre-existing fractured zones and the generation of new cracks. If the water column is only on the fracture, the clay layer acts like a barrier and inhibits the infiltration through the fracture. If the water column covers the entire surface, the barrier effect is overcome; the infiltration intensity depends on the height of the water column, the fracture permeability and the fracture width. The deformation results show that a strong rainfall event of 2 h leads to deformations that are about 30 % of the vertical and 70 % of the horizontal annual land-subsidence rates.Un mécanisme de création de fracture et de déclenchement d’une subsidence du terrain est présenté. L’infiltration par une zone de fracture préexistant dans un système à deux couches, tout comme la déformation de sédiments peu profonds non consolidés a fait l’objet d’une analyse numérique. La simulation numérique est basée pour l’infiltration sur un modèle d’écoulement diphasique en milieu poreux et pour la déformation sur un modèle conceptuel Mohr-Coulomb. Différentes études, avec variations de la valeur des paramètres de fracturation et des conditions d’infiltration ont été effectuées. Les résultats montrent que l’infiltration rapide dans un aquifère partiellement saturé conduit à une subsidence du terrain, à l’extension des zones fracturées préexistantes et à la génération de nouvelles fractures. Si la colonne d’eau repose uniquement sur la fracture, le niveau argileux agit comme une barrière et empêche l’infiltration par la fracture. Si la colonne d’eau couvre la surface entière, l’effet barrière est effacé; le débit d’infiltration dépend de la hauteur de la colonne d’eau, de la perméabilité et de la largeur de la fracture. Les résultats montrent qu’un fort événement pluvieux de deux heures conduit à des déformations qui sont d’environ 30 % du taux vertical et 70 % du taux horizontal annuels de subsidence.Se presenta un mecanismo para la generación de fracturas y disparador de la subsidencia del terreno. Se investiga numéricamente la infiltración a través de una zona de fractura preexistente en un sistema de doble capa, así como la deformación de los sedimentos no consolidados en la superficie del terreno. La simulación numérica de la infiltración está basada en el concepto de un modelo de flujo bifásico para medios porosos, y para la deformación está basada en un modelo conceptual de Mohr-Coulomb. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes estudios con variaciones de los parámetros de fracturas y condiciones de infiltración. Los resultados de la infiltración muestran que la infiltración rápida en un acuífero parcialmente saturado conduce a una subsidencia del terreno, una extensión de las zonas fracturadas preexistentes y una generación de nuevas fisuras. Si la columna de agua está solamente en la fractura, la capa de arcilla actúa como una barrera e inhibe la infiltración a través de la fractura. Si la columna de agua cubre la superficie entera, el efecto de barrera es sobrepasado; la intensidad de la infiltración depende de la altura de la columna de agua, la permeabilidad de la fractura y el ancho de la fractura. Los resultados de la deformación muestran que un fuerte evento lluvioso de dos horas conduce a deformaciones que son de alrededor de un 30 % en la vertical y 70 % en la horizontal de las tasas de subsidencia anual del terreno.Apresenta-se um mecanismo para a geração de fraturas e para o desencadeamento da subsidência de terrenos. Foi investigada numericamente a infiltração através de uma zona de fratura preexistente para dentro de um sistema de duas camadas, assim como a deformação de sedimentos não consolidados na superfície do terreno. A simulação numérica da infiltração é baseada num conceito de modelo de escoamento de duas fases para meio poroso, e para a deformação baseia-se num conceito de modelo de Mohr-Coulomb. Fizeram-se diferentes estudos com variações do parâmetro da fratura e das condições de infiltração. Os resultados da infiltração mostram que a infiltração rápida num aquífero parcialmente saturado conduz à subsidência de terrenos, à extensão de zonas fraturadas pré-existentes e à geração de novas fraturas. Se a coluna de água se encontrar apenas na fratura, a camada de argila funciona como uma barreira e inibe a infiltração através da mesma. Se a coluna de água cobrir toda a superfície, o efeito de barreira é ultrapassado; a intensidade de infiltração depende da altura da coluna de água, da permeabilidade da fratura e da sua abertura. Os resultados da deformação mostram que um evento de chuva forte de duas horas conduz a deformações que são de cerca de 30 % e de 70 % das taxas anuais respetivamente vertical e horizontal da subsidência de terrenos.
Starting Page	761
Ending Page	771
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2013-03-20
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater flow Unsaturated soil Numerical modeling Soil deformation Fracturing generation Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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