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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Ye, Shujun Luo, Yue Wu, Jichun Yan, Xuexin Wang, Hanmei Jiao, Xun Teatini, Pietro |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | Shanghai, in China, has experienced two periods of rapid land subsidence mainly caused by groundwater exploitation related to economic and population growth. The first period occurred during 1956–1965 and was characterized by an average land subsidence rate of 83 mm/yr, and the second period occurred during 1990–1998 with an average subsidence rate of 16 mm/yr. Owing to the establishment of monitoring networks for groundwater levels and land subsidence, a valuable dataset has been collected since the 1960s and used to develop regional land subsidence models applied to manage groundwater resources and mitigate land subsidence. The previous geomechanical modeling approaches to simulate land subsidence were based on one-dimensional (1D) vertical stress and deformation. In this study, a numerical model of land subsidence is developed to simulate explicitly coupled three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow and 3D aquifer-system displacements in downtown Shanghai from 30 December 1979 to 30 December 1995. The model is calibrated using piezometric, geodetic-leveling, and borehole extensometer measurements made during the 16-year simulation period. The 3D model satisfactorily reproduces the measured piezometric and deformation observations. For the first time, the capability exists to provide some preliminary estimations on the horizontal displacement field associated with the well-known land subsidence in Shanghai and for which no measurements are available. The simulated horizontal displacements peak at 11 mm, i.e. less than 10 % of the simulated maximum land subsidence, and seems too small to seriously damage infrastructure such as the subways (metro lines) in the center area of Shanghai.Shanghai, en Chine, a connu deux périodes d’affaissement rapide du sol principalement cause par l’exploitation des eaux souterraines liée à la croissance économique et démographique. La première période s’est produite au cours des années 1956–1965 et est caractérisée par un taux moyen d’affaissement du sol de 83mm/an, et la seconde période au cours des années 1990–1998 avec un taux d’affaissement du sol de 16mm/an. Grâce à la mise en place de réseaux de surveillance des niveaux d’eau souterraine et des affaissements du sol, un ensemble de données précieuses a été recueilli depuis les années 1960 et a été utilisé pour développer des modèles régionaux d’affaissement des terrains appliqués à la gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines et à la mitigation des affaissements des sols. Les précédentes approches de modélisation géomécanique pour simuler les affaissements de sols étaient basées sur la contrainte verticale unidimensionnelle et la déformation. Dans cette étude, un modèle numérique de l’affaissement du sol a été développé pour simuler de manière explicite l’écoulement tridimensionnel de l’eau souterraine couplé aux déplacements dans le système aquifère en 3D pour le centre de Shanghai du 30 décembre 1979 au 30 décembre 1995. Le modèle est calibré en utilisant des mesures piézométriques, géodésiques de nivellement et de déformation en forage effectuées au cours de la période de simulation de 16 ans. Le modèle 3D reproduit de manière satisfaisante les observations piézométriques et de déformation. Pour la première fois, il est possible de fournir des estimations préliminaires sur le champ de déplacement horizontal associé à l’affaissement de terrain bien connu à Shanghai et pour lequel aucune mesure n’est disponible. Les déplacements horizontaux simulés ont un maximum à 11mm, soit moins de 10% du maximum d’affaissement de terrain simulés, et ceci semble trop petit pour endommager sérieusement des infrastructures telles que le métro( lignes de métro) dans la zone centrale de Shanghai.Shanghai, en China, ha experimentado dos períodos de rápida subsidencia del terreno causadas principalmente por la explotación de las aguas subterráneas que se relaciona con el crecimiento económico y demográfico. El primer período se produjo desde 1956 a 1965 y se caracterizó por un ritmo de subsidencia del terreno de 83 mm/año, y el segundo período se produjo entre 1990 y 1998 con un ritmo de subsidencia promedio de 16 mm/año. Debido a la instalación de redes de monitoreo de niveles de agua subterránea y de subsidencia del terreno, un conjunto de datos valiosos se recolectaron desde la década de 1960 y se usaron para desarrollar modelos regionales de subsidencia del terreno aplicados a la gestión de los recursos hídricos subterráneos y a la mitigación de la subsidencia del terreno. Los modelados geomecánicos previos que se aproximaron para simular la subsidencia del terreno suelo se basaron en el esfuerzo vertical y la deformación en una sola dimensión (1D). En este estudio, se desarrolla un modelo numérico de subsidencia del terreno para simular explícitamente el flujo de agua subterránea tridimensional (3D) y el sistema de desplazamientos del acuífero (3D) acoplados en el centro de Shanghai desde el 30 de diciembre 1979 hasta el 30 de diciembre de 1995. El modelo se calibró usando mediciones piezométricas, de nivelación geodésica y de extensómetros en perforaciones realizadas durante el período de simulación de 16 años. El modelo 3D reproduce satisfactoriamente las observaciones piezométricas y las deformaciones medidas. Por primera vez, existe la capacidad de proporcionar algunas estimaciones preliminares sobre el campo de desplazamiento horizontal asociado con subsidencia del terreno conocida en Shanghai y para el que no hay mediciones disponibles. El pico de desplazamiento horizontales simulado es de 11 mm, es decir, menos del 10% de la subsidencia del terreno máxima simulada, y parece demasiado pequeño como para dañar seriamente una infraestructura, como el subterráneo (líneas de subterráneo) en la zona del centro de Shanghai.由于经济发展和人口增长,大量开采地下水造成了中国上海的地面沉降,地面沉降经历了两个快速发展阶段。第一个阶段出现在1956–1965年,平均沉降速度为83 mm/年,第二个阶段出现在1990–1998年,平均沉降速度为16 mm/年。由于建立了地下水位和地面沉降监测网,自从20世纪60年代收集了大量的宝贵数据,利用这些数据建立了区域地面沉降模型,用于管理地下水资源和减缓地面沉降。过去模拟地面沉降的地质力学建模方法基于一维垂直应力和变形。在本研究中,建立了地面沉降数值模型,用于模拟上海市区1979年12月30日到1995年12月30日明确耦合的三维地下水流和三维含水层系统位移。利用16年模拟期间获得的测压、大地水准测量和钻孔延伸仪测量结果对模型进行了校正。三维模型圆满地再现了实测的测压和变形观测结果。第一次能够向与上海著名的地面沉降相关的水平位移及那些缺乏测量数据的水平位移的地方提供初步估测结果。模拟的水平位移峰值为11 mm, 即不到模拟的最大地面沉降的10%,显得太小,以至于不能严重损坏基础设施诸如上海中心区域的地铁线路。Xangai, na China, passou por dois períodos de rápida subsidência de terreno causada principalmente pela explotação de águas subterrâneas relacionada com o crescimento econômico e populacional. O primeiro período ocorreu durante 1956–1965 e foi caracterizado por uma taxa média de subsidência de terreno de 83 mm/ano, e o segundo período ocorreu durante 1990–1998 com uma taxa média de subsidência de terreno de 16 mm/ano. Devido ao estabelecimento de redes de monitoramento das águas subterrâneas e para subsidência de terreno, um valioso conjunto de dados tem sido coletado desde 1960 e usado para desenvolver modelos regionais de subsidência de terreno aplicados para gerir recursos hídricos subterrâneos e mitigar a subsidência de terreno. As abordagens iniciais de modelagem geomecânica para simular subsidência de terreno foram baseadas em estresse vertical unidimensional (1D) e deformação. Nesse estudo, um modelo numérico de subsidência de terreno foi desenvolvido para simular fluxo de água subterrânea tridimensional (3D) explicitamente e 3D) e deslocamentos 3D do sistema aquífero no centro de Xangai de 30 de dezembro de 1979 a 30 de dezembro de 1995. Esse modelo é calibrado usando medições piezométricas, de nivelamento geodésico e de extensômetros em furos de sondagem feitas durante o período de simulação de 16 anos. O modelo 3D reproduz satisfatoriamente as medições piezométricas e deformações observadas. Pela primeira vez, existe a capacidade de proporcionar algumas estimativas preliminares sobre o campo de deslocamento horizontal associado a subsidência de terreno bem conhecida em Xangai e para a qual não estão disponíveis medições. O deslocamento horizontal simulado apresentou um pico em 11 mm, ou seja, menos de 10% da máxima subsidência de terreno simulada, o que parece ser muito pequeno para danificar seriamente a infraestrutura, tais como o metrô (linhas de metrô) na área central de Xangai. |
| Starting Page | 695 |
| Ending Page | 709 |
| Page Count | 15 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2016-02-24 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Geohazards Subsidence Numerical modeling Groundwater recharge China Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Water Quality/Water Pollution Geophysics/Geodesy Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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