NDLI: The effects of Holocene barrier-island evolution on water-table elevations, Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Anderson Jr., William P. Evans, David G. Snyder, Stephen W.
Copyright Year	2000
Abstract	On Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA, complex stratigraphy results from surficial sediments being superimposed on an inherited Pleistocene platform. Numerical simulations used to simulate water-table profiles on the island illustrate the influence that the complex stratigraphy has on water-table elevations. Field data consist of water-table profiles collected from a cross-island transect of wells. These profiles show unusually high water-table elevations in the south-central portion of Hatteras Island. Geophysical data are used to constrain the subsurface stratigraphy. Simple analytical solutions to the groundwater flow equation using laterally varying recharge rates cannot match mean water-table profiles. More complex numerical simulations, which do match the profiles, indicate that the elevated water levels result from a low-permeability unit that extends several kilometers along the longitudinal axis of the island. Island geomorphology and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data suggest that this unit is a former interdunal wetland that has been buried by a series of parabolic dunes. Sur l'île d'Hatteras (Caroline du Nord, États-Unis), la stratigraphie complexe résulte du recouvrement d'une plate-forme héritée du Pléistocène par des sédiments superficiels. Des simulations numériques mises en œuvre pour simuler les profils de la nappe dans l'île illustrent l'influence de cette stratigraphie complexe sur les cotes de la nappe. Les données de terrain consistent en des profils de la surface piézométrique obtenus dans des puits le long de sections traversant l'île. Ces profils montrent des cotes de la surface de la nappe anormalement hautes dans la partie centre sud de l'&île d'Hatteras. Des données géophysiques ont été utilisées pour contraindre la stratigraphie du sous-sol. Des solutions analytiques simples de l'équation d'écoulement souterrain utilisant des taux de recharge variant latéralement n'arrivent pas à un ajustement des profils moyens de la nappe. Des solutions numériques plus complexes, qui ne s'ajustent pas aux profils, indiquent que les cotes élevées de l'eau sont produites par une unitéà faible perméabilité qui s'étend sur plusieurs kilomètres le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'île. La géomorphologie de l'île et les données de radar géologique (GPR) indiquent que cette unité est une ancienne zone humide enterrée sous un ensemble de dunes paraboliques. En la isla de Hatteras, perteneciente a Carolina del Norte (EEUU), existe una estratigrafía complicada como resultado de la superposición de sedimentos superficiales sobre una plataforma del Pleistoceno. Mediante simulaciones numéricas de los perfiles freáticos en la isla, se ha puesto de manifiesto la influencia de la estratigrafía en las elevaciones del nivel. Los datos de campo consisten en perfiles freáticos medidos en los pozos situados en un corte transversal de la isla, los cuales muestran niveles inusualmente elevados en la zona central-meridional. Se han utilizado datos geofísicos para delimitar la estratigrafía subsuperficial. No se han podido ajustar los niveles freáticos medios con soluciones analíticas sencillas de la ecuación de flujo en las que se ha introducido una recarga variable en el espacio. Simulaciones numéricas más complejas, que sí logran ajustar los perfiles, indican que los niveles más elevados se deban a la existencia de una unidad de baja permeabilidad que se extiende varios kilómetros a lo largo del eje longitudinal de la isla de Hatteras. Los datos geomorfológicos de la isla y de radar penetrante apuntan a que esta unidad es un humedal antiguo enterrado bajo una serie de dunas parabólicas.
Starting Page	390
Ending Page	404
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2002-10-01
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hydrogeology Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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