NDLI: Ultrasound lung “comets” increase after breath-hold diving

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lambrechts, Kate Germonpré, Peter Charbel, Brian Cialoni, Danilo Musimu, Patrick Sponsiello, Nicola Marroni, Alessandro Pastouret, Frédéric Balestra, Costanti
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	The purpose of the study was to analyze the ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) variation, which are a sign of extra-vascular lung water. Forty-two healthy individuals performed breath-hold diving in different conditions: dynamic surface apnea; deep variable-weight apnea and shallow, face immersed without effort (static maximal and non-maximal). The number of ULCs was evaluated by means of an ultrasound scan of the chest, before and after breath-hold diving sessions. The ULC score increased significantly from baseline after dynamic surface apnea (p = 0.0068), after deep breath-hold sessions (p = 0.0018), and after static maximal apnea (p = 0.031). There was no statistically significant difference between the average increase of ULC scores after dynamic surface apnea and deep breath-hold diving. We, therefore, postulate that extravascular lung water accumulation may be due to other factors than (deep) immersion alone, because it occurs during dynamic surface apnea as well. Three mechanisms may be responsible for this. First, the immersion-induced hydrostatic pressure gradient applied on the body causes a shift of peripheral venous blood towards the thorax. Second, the blood pooling effect found during the diving response Redistributes blood to the pulmonary vascular bed. Third, it is possible that the intense involuntary diaphragmatic contractions occurring during the “struggle phase” of the breath-hold can also produce a blood shift from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary alveoli. A combination of these factors may explain the observed increase in ULC scores in deep, shallow maximal and shallow dynamic apneas, whereas shallow non-maximal apneas seem to be not “ULC provoking”.
Starting Page	707
Ending Page	713
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	111
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2010-10-23
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Apnea Extravascular lung water Edema Hypoxia Static No-limits Underwater swimming Sports Medicine Human Physiology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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