NDLI: Effects of fasting and carbohydrate consumption on voluntary resting apnea duration

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lindholm, Peter Conniff, Mary Gennser, Mikael Pendergast, David Lundgren, Claes
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Breath holding is normally terminated due to the urge to breathe, mainly caused by the increasing carbon dioxide level. It was recently shown that a combination of 18 h of carbohydrate-free diet and prolonged exercise prior to breath holding lowered the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and end-expiratory PO2 at maximal breath-hold break-point (MBP). Current hypothesis: fasting will result in longer breath-hold duration than will fasting followed by carbohydrate intake. It was also hypothesized that breath-holds during carbohydrate supplementation would be ended at a higher alveolar PO2. Ten male non-divers performed multiple breath-holds either to the first diaphragmatic contraction (PBP), or to MBP. The breath-holds were performed during normal diet (control; C), twice during fasting (F14 h, F18 h), followed by post fasting carbohydrate consumption (PFCC) and a repetition of the breath-hold testing 1–2 h after ingestion of carbohydrates. Duration, RER, end-tidal PO2 and PCO2, SaO2 and blood glucose were determined. RER and blood glucose increased after PFCC compared with fasting and control conditions (P < 0.001). PBP breath-hold duration increased from 129 ± 34 s at C to 148 ± 33 s at F18 h, and was reduced during PFCC to 122 ± 30 s (P < 0.001). End-tidal PO2 was higher at PFCC compared to F18 h (10.4 ± 1.2 vs. 9.5 ± 1.2 kPa at PBP, P < 0.05). Similar trends in breath-hold duration and physiology were seen in breath-holds that were terminated at MBP. Dietary restriction can affect breath-hold duration. The lower O2 level at breakpoint during fasting suggests that breath holding may be less safe during fasting; the increased risk may be mitigated by ingestion of carbohydrates before breath holding.
Starting Page	417
Ending Page	425
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	100
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-04-04
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Apnea Breath-hold Diving Drowning Hypoxemia Metabolism Sports Medicine Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Human Physiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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