NDLI: Computer simulation of human breath-hold diving: cardiovascular adjustments

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Fitz Clarke, John R.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The world record for a sled-assisted human breath-hold dive has surpassed 200 m. Lung compression during descent draws blood from the peripheral circulation into the thorax causing engorgement of pulmonary vessels that might impose a physiological limitation due to capillary stress failure. A computer model was developed to investigate cardiopulmonary interactions during immersion, apnea, and compression to elucidate hemodynamic responses and estimate vascular stresses in deep human breath-hold diving. The model simulates active and passive cardiovascular adjustments involving blood volumes, flows, and pressures during apnea at diving depths up to 200 m. Redistribution of blood volume from peripheral to central compartments increases with depth. Pulmonary capillary transmural pressures in the model exceed 50 mm Hg at record depth, producing stresses in the range known to cause alveolar capillary damage in animals. Capillary pressures are partially attenuated by blood redistribution to compliant extra-pulmonary vascular compartments. The capillary pressure differential is due mainly to a large drop in alveolar air pressure from outward elastic chest wall recoil. Autonomic diving reflexes are shown to influence systemic blood pressures, but have relatively little effect on pulmonary vascular pressures. Increases in pulmonary capillary stresses are gradual beyond record depth.
Starting Page	207
Ending Page	224
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	100
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-02-24
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Apnea Diving reflex Immersion Lung packing Thoracic squeeze Sports Medicine Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Human Physiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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