NDLI: Characterization of protein immobilization on nanoporous gold using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Demchenko, Alexei V. Tan, Yih Horng Ganesh, N. Vijaya Fujikawa, Kohki Schallom, John R. Stine, Keith J.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Nanoporous gold (NPG), made by dealloying low carat gold alloys, is a relatively new nanomaterial finding application in catalysis, sensing, and as a support for biomolecules. NPG has attracted considerable interest due to its open bicontinuous structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable porosity, chemical stability and biocompatibility. NPG also has the attractive feature of being able to be modified by self-assembled monolayers. Here we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize a highly efficient approach for protein immobilization on NPG using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester functionalized self-assembled monolayers on NPG with pore sizes in the range of tens of nanometres. Comparison of coupling under static versus flow conditions suggests that BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) and IgG (Immunoglobulin G) can only be immobilized onto the interior surfaces of free standing NPG monoliths with good coverage under flow conditions. AFM is used to examine protein coverage on both the exterior and interior of protein modified NPG. Access to the interior surface of NPG for AFM imaging is achieved using a special procedure for cleaving NPG. AFM is also used to examine BSA immobilized on rough gold surfaces as a comparative study. In principle, the general approach described should be applicable to many enzymes, proteins and protein complexes since both pore sizes and functional groups present on the NPG surfaces are controllable.
Starting Page	3395
Ending Page	3407
Page Count	13
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20403364
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	8
Journal	Nanoscale
DOI	10.1039/c1nr10427f
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	NPG Immunoglobulin G Albumin Fineness N-Hydroxysuccinimide Scanning electron microscope Protein BSA Ester Atomic-force microscopy NHS Biocompatibility Porosity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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