NDLI: Mechanisms of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid lowering by <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> extract, studied by <i>in vitro</i> digestion model

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Food & Function Vol - 6 Issue - 3

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Mechanisms of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid lowering by Quillaja saponaria extract, studied by in vitro digestion model

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Vinarova, Liliya Denkov, Nikolai Vinarov, Zahari Damyanova, Borislava Tcholakova, Slavka Stoyanov, Simeon
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Quillaja saponin extracts are known to reduce plasma cholesterol levels in humans. Here we study the mechanism of this effect with Quillaja Dry saponin extract (QD). In vitro model of triglyceride lipolysis is used to quantify the effect of QD on the solubilization of cholesterol and of the lipolysis products (fatty acids and monoglycerides) in the dietary mixed micelles (DMM). We found that QD extract decreases significantly both the cholesterol (from 80% to 20%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA, from 70% to 10%) solubilised in DMM. Series of dedicated experiments prove that QD may act by two mechanisms: (1) direct precipitation of cholesterol and (2) displacement of cholesterol from the DMM. Both mechanisms lead to increased cholesterol precipitation and, thus, render cholesterol bio-inaccessible. We prove also that the saponin molecules are not the active component of QD, because highly purified Quillaja extract with very similar saponin composition does not exhibit cholesterol-lowering or SFA-lowering effect. The effect of QD extract on cholesterol solubilisation is most probably caused by the high-molecular weight polyphenol molecules, present in this extract. The reduced SFA solubilisation is caused by Ca2+ ions of relatively high concentration (1.25 wt%), also present in QD extract, which precipitate the fatty acids into calcium soaps.
Starting Page	1319
Ending Page	1330
Page Count	12
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20426496
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	4
Journal	Food & Function
DOI	10.1039/c4fo01059k
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Quillaja Saponin Blood plasma Cholesterol Triglyceride Lipolysis Polyphenol Calcium
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Food Science

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