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| Content Provider | IET Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Wang, P. Halvorsrød, T. M. Ytterdal, T. |
| Abstract | An inverter-based ultra-low-power, low-noise, single-ended to differential continuous-time variable gain amplifier is presented for 2–6 MHz second harmonic cardiac imaging ultrasound probes in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The proposed variable gain amplifier (VGA) consists of three equal inverters and resistor arrays which form a feedback loop. To improve both the power and noise performances, the inverters operate in the sub-threshold region by adopting a 0.5 V supply voltage. By doubling the input transconductance of the VGA, the noise figure (NF) is enhanced further. The 6-b thermometer resistor arrays achieve a gain range of the VGA from 0 to 22 dB. The total power consumption is 55 μW, NF is 2.7 dB referred to an 8 kΩ source resistor at a centre frequency of 4 MHz. 8-b thermometer calibration codes are added into the inverters to force the static operating point of the inverters to half of the supply voltage, which could increase the immunity of the second harmonic distortion (HD2) to the process variation. The HD2 of the proposed VGA is −60.6 dB at the 330 mV peak-to-peak output swing. The active size is 154 × 102 μm. |
| Starting Page | 69 |
| Ending Page | 71 |
| Page Count | 3 |
| ISSN | 00135194 |
| Volume Number | 50 |
| e-ISSN | 1350911X |
| Issue Number | Issue 2, Jan (2014) |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/el/50/2 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/el.2013.3457 |
| Journal | Electronics Letters |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | © The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| Subject Keyword | Amplifiers Biomedical Electronics Biomedical Imaging Biomedical Measurement And Imaging Calibration Circuit Noise CMOS Analogue Integrated Circuit CMOS Integrated Circuit CMOS Technology Differential Amplifiers Feedback Amplifiers Feedback Loop Frequency 2 MHz to 6 MHz Gain -60.6 DB Gain 0 DB to 22 DB Harmonic Distortion HD2 HF Amplifiers Input Transconductance Doubling Inverter-based Ultralow-power Low-noise VGA Invertors Low Power Electronics Measurement Standard And Calibration Medical Ultrasound Probe Microwave IC Noise Figure Noise Figure 2.7 DB Peak-to-peak Output Swing Power 55 MuW Power Electronics Power Supply Radiofrequency Integrated Circuit Radiofrequency Power Amplifiers Resistance 8 Kohm Resistor Second Harmonic Cardiac Imaging Ultrasound Probe Second Harmonic Distortion Sensing Device And Transducers Single-ended to Differ- Ential Continuous-time Variable Gain Amplifier Size 65 Nm Sonic And Ultrasonic Application Supervisory Circuit Thermal Variables Measurement Thermometer Calibration Code Thermometer Resistor Array Thermometers Ultrasonic Imaging Voltage 0.5 V Voltage 330 MV |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
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