NDLI: Reversible watermarking based on invariant sum value for 2D vector maps

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Mingqin Geng Puyi Yu Hongmei Han Zhengcen Teng Jing Hu Yifu Gao
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China (Hongmei Han) \|\| The Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China (Yifu Gao) \|\| School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China (Mingqin Geng) \|\| Information Technology Center, BGP, CNPC, Beijing 100007, China (Puyi Yu; Zhengcen Teng; Jing Hu)
Abstract	A simple reversible watermarking scheme for 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. When embedding data, the proposed scheme applies an integer transform for a pair of coordinate values to embed 1-bit watermark and makes the sum of the coordinate values unchanged. When extracting the embedded data, the proposed scheme gets the watermark bit and recovers the original data by using the invariant sum value and the parities of the sum value and the difference value. The coordinate values not for embedding are shifted. In the decoder, the marked pairs can be determined from the unmarked pairs by the ranges that their differences fall into. Hence, the proposed scheme does not need to compress and embed the location map. Therefore, the computational complexity is low and the capacity is high. Experimental results show the proposed scheme has good performance.
Starting Page	521
Ending Page	525
File Size	942220
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467322010
e-ISBN	9781467322041
DOI	10.1109/ICNIDC.2012.6418808
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-09-21
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	2D vector map Watermarking Transforms Coordinate value shifting Vectors Rail transportation Rivers Multimedia communication Computational complexity Simple reversible watermarking Invariant sum value
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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