NDLI: Language recognition using deep-structured conditional random fields

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Dong Yu Shizhen Wang Karam, Z. Li Deng
Copyright Year	2010
Description	Author affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA (Shizhen Wang) \|\| Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02420, USA (Karam, Z.) \|\| Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98034, USA (Dong Yu; Li Deng)
Abstract	We present a novel language identification technique using our recently developed deep-structured conditional random fields (CRFs). The deep-structured CRF is a multi-layer CRF model in which each higher layer's input observation sequence consists of the lower layer's observation sequence and the resulting lower layer's frame-level marginal probabilities. In this paper we extend the original deep-structured CRF by allowing for distinct state representations at different layers and demonstrate its benefits. We propose an unsupervised algorithm to pre-train the intermediate layers by casting it as a multi-objective programming problem that is aimed at minimizing the average frame-level conditional entropy while maximizing the state occupation entropy. Empirical evaluation on a seven-language/dialect voice mail routing task showed that our approach can achieve a routing accuracy (RA) of 86.4% and average equal error rate (EER) of 6.6%. These results are significantly better than the 82.5% RA and 7.5% average EER obtained using the Gaussian mixture model trained with the maximum mutual information criterion but slightly worse than the 87.7% RA and 6.4% EER achieved using the support vector machine with model pushing on the Gaussian super vector (GSV).
Starting Page	5030
Ending Page	5033
File Size	312971
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424442959
ISSN	15206149
DOI	10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495072
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2010-03-14
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Support vector machines Entropy Routing Voice mail Support vector machine classification Casting Error analysis Mutual information Automatic speech recognition Unsupervised learning unsupervised learning language identification deep-structure conditional random field deep learning
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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